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Anchors , catheads and davits. Part 1.

 

Anchors are  very important parts of ships equipment.

The oldest anchors was made from wood and stone, also lead was used as a weight.

More and heavier anchors require additional equipment for lifting and lowering of the water appeared davits and catheads.

 

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Early anchors.NMM Gdańsk                           Anchors development. Historic Dockyards Portsmouth UK

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Nave Victoria

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Halve Maen. On this saworthy replica the moden Danforth anchor was added.

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The fish davit used for rising the anchor to stowage position

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The cathead with tackle

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The cathead shaves for cat tackle                     Puddening the anchor ring

Batavia

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The lining for protect ship side from anchor when rised

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The cathead with tackle

Gotheborg

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Shtandart This anchor is not from period.

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HMS Victory

 

Tadeusz

 

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Anchors , catheads and davits. Part 2.

 

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Jylland

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HMS Warrior

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The anchor davit replaced both cathead and fish davit

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Passat

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Kruzenstern

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The anchor on small schooner.

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From the stone up to stockless anchor. MM Stockholm.

 

Tadeusz

Edited by Tadeusz43
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Ships’ boats and davits

Ships was equipped with boats intended for use for personnel and food and water supplies transport in harbours as also for landing on shore or for towing the ships.

An important function of the boats was life saving of passengers and sailors.

On the war ships the boats was used for communication between ships as also for actions against enemy.

On the beginning the ships was carrying one boat but over time their number grew.

Big ships was equipped with several boats with different size and destination.

Boats was specialized for various functions the biggest named long boats  was used for anchors  handling as also was armed with light cannons.

Boats was equipped with oars as also mast and sails

The gig it was long narrow boat used for personnel transport  the Captain.

The ships  carried boats on the deck or on davits.

For example HMS Warrior 1860 was equipped with:

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Boat from Vasa

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Boat in Historic Dockyard museum in Portsmouth UK

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Boat construction in Historic Dockyard museum in Portsmouth UK

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Boats under construction in Delft Shipyard  at Amsterdam

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Boats on the deck of HMS Victory

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Boat on davits on Jylland

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Boat on the deck of Gotheborg

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Davits and boat on Passat

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Contemporary boats on old davits on Dar Pomorza

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Boats and davits on ship's side

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Boats and davits on ship's stern

 

Tadeusz

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Thank you Sir for all your hard work on this article very interesting indeed I especialy liked the bent trees We have the same in the UK in the Royal Parks called "Chained trees" as the limbs where bent with chains to shape them 

Than you again 

Current Build

HM Granado CC

Past builds

 HMS Chatham CC, HM Convulsion CC,  Duke William German Kit, Fair American LSS, The Wright Flyer MS

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amazing collection of photographs and descriptions. Thank You so much

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The steering gears & compasses Part 1

Steering oars and later, the side rudder was used on the ships up to 15th century.

The stern rudder was equipped with tiller and on bigger ships with whipstaff.

At the beginning of 18th century the steering wheel was installed on the ships instead the whipstaff.

On big war ships was installed two or more steering post.

Magnetic compass in front of the helmsman was introduced in 13/14th century and as installed in binnacle – wooden box with glass windows and lantern for illumination during the night, in the binnacle was two compasses.

Later in 19th century number of compasses was reduced to one only.

On iron ships the binnacle was equipped with deviation spheres such

type is used up to present.

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The side rudder on the Viking boat in VBM at Roskilde (DK)

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Wipstaff on Batavia

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VOC Amsterdam

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HMS Victory

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Gotheborg

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Reconstruction of the steering post in Delft Shipyard at Rotterdam

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The tiller on Jylland

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Steering post on Jylland

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  The binnacle on Jylland

 

Tadeusz

 

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The steering gears & compasses Part 2

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HMAS Bounty

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Passat Stering post at the ship stern

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Passat Stering post at the midship

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Steering post reconstructin in MM at Stockholm

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HMS Warrior Steering post on the lower deck

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HMS Warrior Steering post on the gun deck

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On the midship                                                    On the stern

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                             Steering posts on Kruzenstern

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Polar ship Fram at Fram Museum  Oslo

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Binnacle

 

Tadeusz

 

 

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The ship’s bell

The ship’s Bell on the English ships In use from Middle of 17th century.

The bell was used for mark the beginning of the watches as also for alarm

 and fog signals.

Depeding of type of ship war or commercial and the period  the bell was situated near helmsman post r on the ship's bow.

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Batavia                                                               Libava

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Gotheborg                                                           Shtandart

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Cutty Sark                                                                                                                              Kruzenstern                              post-8878-0-44579800-1451156255_thumb.jpgpost-8878-0-31261600-1451156262_thumb.jpg

Passat The bell on bow

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                                      Passat The bell on midship

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HMS Victory

 

Tadeusz

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Edited by Tadeusz43
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The Poop and Side lanterns

On the beginning on the ship stern was installed the Poop lanterns with candles.

In 1838 the United States passed an act requiring steamboats running between sunset and sunrise to carry one or more signal lights; color, visibility and location were not specified. In 1848 the United Kingdom passed regulations that required steam vessels to display red and green sidelights as well as a white masthead light. In 1849 the U.S. Congress extended the light requirements to sailing vessels. In 1889 the United States convened the first International Maritime Conference to consider regulations for preventing collisions. The resulting Washington Conference Rules were adopted by the U.S in 1890 and became effective internationally in 1897.(Wiki)

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Batavia

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HMS Victory

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Dar Pomorza  Starboard lantern

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Passat Starboard lantern

 

Tadeusz

 

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I just discovered this thread. Cant stop looking it over! There's nothing like seeing the real thing. Thanks for all these pictures & information. 

 

Jesse

 Current build: Syren : Kit- Model Shipways

 

Side project: HMS Bounty - Revel -(plastic)

On hold: Pre-owned, unfinished Mayflower (wood)

 

Past builds: Scottish Maid - AL- 1:50, USS North Carolina Battleship -1/350  (plastic),   Andromede - Dikar (wood),   Yatch Atlantic - 14" (wood),   Pirate Ship - 1:72 (plastic),   Custom built wood Brig from scratch - ?(3/4" =1'),   4 small scratch builds (wood),   Vietnamese fishing boat (wood)   & a Ship in a bottle

 

 

 

 

 

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  • 6 months later...

I too just discovered this forum topic and can't get enough of it.  Thank you so much T for posting this fantastic naval history.   It gives such wonderful context to all the "ship building" we do ourselves.  Its an inspiration as well to start visiting some of the museums and ship yards that house all this material.  Thanks again.

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Please add me to the "I just found it too" list.   Great job Tadeusz.

Allan

PLEASE take 30 SECONDS and sign up for the epic Nelson/Trafalgar project if you would like to see it made into a TV series.   Click on http://trafalgar.tv   There is no cost other than the 30 seconds of your time.  THANK YOU

 

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  • 1 month later...

The gunport lids

Vasa

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Jylland

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Gotheborg

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Note:The lid protection "when on the sea" bars hanged ower the gunport.

HMS Victory

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Note: Pair of gunport tackles under the upper deck

VOC Batavia

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Note: Single gunport tackle ower the cannon.

HMS Warrior

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Note: The protection bar and gunport tacles.

Sthadart

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Halve Maen

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Etoile du Roy

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Tadeusz

 

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  • 2 weeks later...

Hi,

Masts.

Masts on boats and small ships was made from single timber (pine or spruce).

On larger vessels masts was assembled from few timbers for

obtain required diameter as also reinforced by external woods

named fish.

The fish was installed on front or/and on sides of masts .

All this structure was hold together with rope wooldings or later with iron hoops.

 

Tadeusz

 

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Mast making in Batvia Werf

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Batavia mast with woolding  Batavia

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Mast crosstrees  Batavia

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Mast cap continental style andmast top  Batavia

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Topmast heel  Batavia

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Mast wooldings

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Iron hoops and front fish Jylland

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Rope wooldings  and front fish Gotheborg

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Mast with fishes anr iron hoops Victory

I am interested in the mast-made system. Do anybody have drawings or fotographs were can be seen how the mast, in te above system, is built up? Building of different pieces, connections, assembling

 

thank you in advance

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  • 2 weeks later...

Thanks for sharing Tadeusz, some interesting details there.

 

cheers

 

Pat

If at first you do not suceed, try, and then try again!
Current build: HMCSS Victoria (Scratch)

Next build: HMAS Vampire (3D printed resin, scratch 1:350)

Built:          Battle Station (Scratch) and HM Bark Endeavour 1768 (kit 1:64)

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  • 2 weeks later...

Historic docks and shipyards in Denmark.

 

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The first in Denmark dry dock located on the waterfront in the Christianshavn.

Dock was constructed in 1739. (National Museum of Denmark)

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Part of wooden dock structure.

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The Royal Arsenal in Copenhagen (The Royal Naval Museum)

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The Royal Navy base at Holmen Island.(The Royal Naval Museum)

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Shipyard in Copenhagen (The Royal Naval Museum)

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Ship on the slipway ready for launching (The Royal Naval Museum)

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Mast crane at Holmen Island

 

Tadeusz

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As always your contribution is very interesting,thank you very much Tadeusz!

Completed.... Charles W. Morgan,Sea Horse,USS Constitution,Virginia 1819,San Fransisco II, AL HMS Bounty 1:48

L'Herminione 1:96

Spanish Frigate,22 cannons 18th C. 1:35 scale.Scratch-built (Hull only)

Cutter Cheefull 1806 1:48 (with modifications)

 

Current Project: Orca (This is a 35" replica of the Orca boat from the movie Jaws)

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Tadeusz,

 

Great topic, historical tidbits like these make a ships model not just a model bought  put a little bit of life into the build knowing the historical aspect of start to finish. Thank you for starting this subject extremely enlightening. 

John Allen

 

Current builds HMS Victory-Mamoli

On deck

USS Tecumseh, CSS Hunley scratch build, Double hull Polynesian canoe (Holakea) scratch build

 

Finished

Waka Taua Maori War Canoe, Armed Launch-Panart, Diligence English Revenue Cutter-Marine  Model Co. 


 

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Thanks a lot again! It is always a pleasure to see the new posts here :)

Speaking of the dockyards - sorry for hijacking your topic, hope you do not mind a few photos from Hamburg maritime museum:

 

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Your started a great topic Tad it gives one that actual effect of what an old shipyard was like and the manpower it took.   Here is a diorama by Jim Brotz of and early shipyard in Michigan at the turn of the 20thc.  I really drooled over it.  He put it together from old photos and newspapers and registers.

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David B

 

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Hi,

Karlskrona, southern Sweden was established as a base for the Swedish fleet
in 1680 because in this area the sea does not freeze in winter.
Many buildings have survived to our times but the area is still used by the Swedish Navy.

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Artilery Manor - artilery arsenal

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Curent view - the long building it is old rope walk

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Edited by Tadeusz43
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