Ferrus Manus

Here's where we are so far. I've built the rest of the stempost and sealed many of the holes in the ship. I opted also to putty over the holes in the interior stringer for the cleats on which the sheets and tacks belay. I wanted instead to belay those lines (as well as the braces) on scratchbuilt kevels. I also sanded off the molded timberheads. In addition, I did something pretty radical- I built up the stand to set the ship on as a kind of build board, which we will paint when the model is finished. The point of this was to make construction easier and keep the hull off of the table, something that tends to ruin hulls. This brings me to the question of how to make the anchor stowing architecture. On a ship with a simple stop cleat (like the Santa Sofia) you can find a way to stow the anchor on deck. This doesn't work on this ship, as the anchor ropes run through hawse holes in the bow. This brought me to two potential solutions. The stowing architecture could either be in the form of timberheads that stick up from the frames, or knightheads that are fastened inside the gunwale and would, on a real ship, go straight down to the keel. Both solutions produce essentially the same effect.

The Bremen Ship has a mounting for the capstan on the sterncastle deck. No one knows how it was used. My ship has a capstan at the fore to weigh the anchors and a windlass at the aft to raise the yard.

Here's what we have to work with as far as the hull is concerned. I can already think of a few things we need to do to the hull before we can even start in earnest. Firstly, I intend to fill the holes for the futtock riders, as they aren't present on the Stralsund Ship. We will keep the smaller riders at the fore and aft (although not on the Stralsund Ship) as they will be used as sheaves for the sheet and tack lines. One really egregious thing Revell did is have the modeler attach the shrouds to the futtock riders, although that system isn't present on the ship from the Elbing Seal (1350) which the ship is based on. We're going to add a short stringer across two of the deck knees in order to anchor the shrouds. The second thing that needs to be done is to remove those crappy excuses for timberheads at the bow and replace them with scratchbuilt card alternatives.

I have a counter-point regarding your assessment about the planks. The entire Northern Tradition is descended directly from viking vessels, and furthermore, without much evidence from the Bremen Cog, I also think the planking question remains unsolved. Bjorn Landstrom seems to argue throughout the cog section of "The Ship" for the traditionally-laid parallel plank approach. His book, however, was written a year prior to the discovery of the Bremen Cog. Another point is that the Stralsund Cog is closer in time period to the Nef than it is the Bremen Cog. You could expect a few things like planking and rigging to be more similar to nefs than they would be to later cogs. That's almost like using the Bremen Cog as an authoritative source for a model of a ship from 1480, which you can't really do. I might go the heart route when it comes to the shrouds and stay. I'm already going to be doing a bunch of scratchbuilding for this project; I'm not building an entirely new deck. You should definitely follow this, as your input will be more than helpful as it usually is.

While I think Robert solved the question with his government article, your post also brings up some good points. It is more than likely that the images in a book don't actually belong to the book's author or publisher. Chris pointed out that sharing an image or image fragment from a book to MSW is very unlikely to actually be an IP/copyright infringement, especially if the image in question is of a primary source created hundreds of years ago. This is still factoring in the fact that the images likely belong to a museum or other conservation organization. It seems as though this would still fall into Fair Use, especially considering the context in which the image/images were posted. Chris also pointed out that it doesn't really come down to stringent legalism as far as MSW modstaff are concerned, but rather users simply being careful with what they post.

@Louie da fly That was going to be one of my other questions, hearts or deadeyes for the shrouds. While the Bremen Cog is over a hundred years younger than the Stralsund Cog, it should be expected that both should share similar rigging patterns. However, the shapes of the upper works of the two ships are completely different. Another thing is that the deck planks on my cog are laid parallel to the keel, rather than the Viking-style "removable planks" design. Is there any real evidence either way? To my sensibilities, it seems as though the through-beams present on many examples of cog iconography are indicative of traditionally laid parallel planks (see the Mataro Nao as an example).

This image comes from @Louie da fly's Pinterest page, where he compiles primary sources regarding ships from the Middle Ages. I have repeatedly stated how helpful he and his primary sources are, so I don't see any more need to go on further. This sigil depicts a cog of the Hanseatic Leage, from the German city of Stralsund, circa 1278. We will be basing our ship primarily on this source, and multiple modifications will be made. The kit I have purchased is technically the "Crusader Cog" version of the original Revell kit from 2008, re-released by Zvezda. Either way, all of the parts for the original Hanse Kogge came in the box. While this won't be a perfect reconstruction of the ship, I want to check all the major boxes. We will also be using the book "Cogs, Caravels and Galleons" by Richard Unger as a source.

Quite a few things have happened with the Junk since the last post. Since then, I have fully armed the ship, finished the rigging, made the anchor, and made the stand. The rest of the rigging was pretty simple. I simply copied what I did on the mizzen mast, with small changes made to the main. Every line was stained with a brown shade. Three thicknesses of line were used in total for the entirety of the rigging. Rope coils are placed where necessary, and I tried to make them look realistic. I slightly modified the anchor with a scratch-built "stock" which likely would have been part of the anchor itself. I chose this anchor setup based on photographs of junks from around this time period. The ship also has a pig stick for the nonexistent flag: The ship's stand: And finally, the Junk on display with the Santa Sofia:

Robert, the government article you posted was very helpful. It seems as though use of copyrighted images for the purposes of scale modeling research, on a forum that doesn't really have an effect on the market for those photos, falls pretty cleanly under the definition of Fair Use. I'm assuming this is with the exception of images whose use is directly monetized.

@ccoyle All of the images I share/intend to share to the forum are primary-source images (I.e. from more than 50 years ago) that have been re-uploaded to MSW. Let's assume, for example, I share a download of a Pinterest post that's a picture of a cog on a coin. This would have been created centuries ago by an unknown artist. Does Pinterest itself have the rights to that image? Is it in creative commons? what about the poster of the image? If an image is not a creative work but rather a historical source, does copyright/fair use still apply?

It has recently come to my attention as a relatively new MSW user (2022-present) that MSW makes very serious efforts to enforce copyright laws regarding materials, both written and visual, that are used on the site. This is a good thing, and I agree with such measures. With that said, I would obviously like to stay on the right side of both the law and MSW policy, and so I have a few questions. 1. I have found Pinterest to be of great value as a way to find primary-source images regarding different types of ships. I have, on many occasions, seen Pinterest images used as research aids and posted on the forum, including by myself. Is that okay, or permitted under Fair Use laws? Who, if anyone, needs to be asked permission or compensated? Are there any citation rules? 2. If I purchase a copy of a book, am I free to post self-taken images of a picture in my copy of the book on the forum, provided I already compensated the creator of the book and am using the materials for non-monetary purposes? P.S. It seems to me, under a very rudimentary understanding of the concept of Fair Use, that most of the copyrighted materials that would be posted to MSW fall under Fair Use laws, because they are used for research and scholarly purposes, and are not used for any kind of financial gain. Am I correct in this assumption? Or is there something I'm missing?

Let's go through the entire process of making and rigging a sail from scratch. If you're someone who wants to use the kit sails (and they are remarkably well-made for kit sails) then this post won't apply to you. Before you make any sail of any type, you must first familiarize yourself completely with the type of sail in question and how it is used. You should know every line, block, and other structure on the sail, and what it does. Failure to learn everything about the sail you are about to make could cause you to have to remake the sail in the future, which is a huge waste of time. Ideally, you should analyze both modern diagrams and pictures/paintings from the time in which the sail was used. You could even check out videos of people actively sailing the modern replicas that use the sail. The Chinese junk sail (also known as the balance lug) is very unique in that it is an extremely complex sail for its size and use. The material I use for sails is silkspan, which is basically a stronger form of tissue paper. I used some modified parts from a different kit as the battens and yards/booms, so that is also a non-issue. The line I used for this sail was tan sewing thread, as it was a good diameter for realistic rigging on this sail. First, I measured and drew an outline of what the sail's size and general shape would be. Then, I drew in the panel lines on both sides of the sail with a mechanical pencil. After cutting out the sail, I did a test fit to see how it would look on the mast and assess whether or not it needed adjustments. Before I could commence with the rigging, I had to do a few more things to get the sail ready. The first was to test-fit the battens to the sail to see if any of them needed to be trimmed, which none did. Afterwards, I soaked the sail in black coffee to give it a realistic stain. I dried the sail on a paper towel. These are the materials and procedures I use with nearly every sail I make, and I have made dozens. Many modelers choose to do it differently, many with better results. Now, on to the rigging. For the rigging of the sail, I followed the diagrams as closely as possible using the aforementioned sewing thread, which I stained a darker shade of tan using a wood tone paint. I had to modify some of the blocks to fit the design of the rig, but none of that was a big deal. The rigging was very simple, here is the finished sail: While the hairy thread isn't that apparent in real life, if you want to remove it, just run the thread through beeswax a few times. This should at least help.

Since the hatches were made and painted, I have done the rest of the work for the ship's hull. I also did some scratchbuilding to facilitate easier rigging. In addition, I painted and installed all of the masts. The stern outrigger is a scratch-built addition, as a means to accept the mizzen sheet. These are some of the elements so far for the sails and rigging. The gunport lid and ladders have since been painted and installed as of the creation of this post.

An interesting thing I found about this ship is that not only is it armed, but all three of its anti-ship guns point directly aft. Unfortunately, these guns had barrels so tiny they wouldn't have been able to accept a pin vise bit. The anti-personnel pieces that will be added after the completion of the rigging are the same way. Either way, the crew of this ship is probably well familiar with the practice of running away from something while shooting at it. Perhaps something this ship is carrying puts it on the wrong side of the law. Found it! In an attempt to conceal their criminal intent, a few members of the crew have partially covered their stash of highly illegal opium to sell on the black market in southern China. The sale and use of this addictive substance fueled two wars between Qing dynasty China and Britain in the mid-1800's, with the end result being a Chinese crackdown on the sale of the drug within their borders, citing social decay and the immorality of drug abuse. This was the original War on Drugs, and the crew of this smuggling ship is looking at a long prison stay if they're caught.

Since we have now been over the basics of model painting, I find it redundant to continue with the painting tutorials. The next in-depth subject will be the rigging concepts, but we aren't there yet. The ship's stern lantern, sterncastle hatch mouldings, stern shade structure and fore boom crutch have been painted and put onto the ship. The fore shade structure and the fore and mizzen masts are currently dry-fitted in place. After we are finished with the masts, we will do some scratch-building to facilitate easier rigging. The paintwork looks much more flat in flash photos than it does in real life.