FULMINANT by HAIIAPHNK - French stern castle

[Martes]

3 hours ago, HAIIAPHNK said:

Whether the slopes of the balconies do not look erroneous. I have already written that I can not explain for what reason Beren broke the vertical directions? Why in his sketch they don't go straight? So I took the risk of doing it differently. Suddenly someone knows the reason and will see that I "tweaked" Beren for nothing?

 

If I am not mistaken, the design of the decorations in France was independent of the design of the ship and it is possible that Beren never saw the ship's building plan when he made his sketches and was not aware of the exact angles of the wales. We can never know. On the other hand the builder, probably, had a relatively free hand at implementing the design when mounting the decorations on the hull, and could change sizes and angles of details to fit the ship at hand.

 

We can compare (keeping in mind that the ship was substantially rebuilt before she was captured) the decorations design for Le Ferme and the English lines as taken off.

 

The angles are very different.

Edited September 27, 2023 by Martes

[Chapman]

Van de Velde shows the last middle deck gun port of the French Reine with a standard gunport lid.

The contemporary model of HMS Prince from 1670 had at that place a vertically divided lid. The latter would better adapt to the shape of the side gallery on the Fulminant.

This would also cover the inharmonious and deep cut into the side gallery.

 

Edited September 27, 2023 by Chapman

[HAIIAPHNK]

8 hours ago, druxey said:

А как насчет этой возможности? (Очень грубая версия!)

 

Thank you for your input and suggested option.
I was considering placing a cannon porthole in that location. This was before we even got the original sketches. And I only had the book drawings for the Ambitionary on hand at the time. At that time the whole quartet gallery drawing was a complete fantasy. But that option had to be abandoned. 
On the given sketch at scanning became worse quality, but it is still possible to discern. The azure lines show the belt where all the cannon portholes go. If the cannon is placed in the place you suggested, it will be above the planned level. No one would make a separate carriage with a higher position of the cannon barrel. And then it was necessary to change the gallery drawing, to lower the window level. In principle it is possible, but in the end it would be too far from the source.
But the next problem will not be avoided for sure. If you look closely, you can see the doorway in the same drawing. It crosses the border of the window to the left of the viewer. Do you see it? So the porthole and the doorway will be one huge hole in the hull. Which is impossible. 
We conclude: if we have given up the idea of putting the cannon in the doorway itself, then we are left with only two options - the cannon can stand either in the last section of the porthole or already on the gallery's edge. The cannon outside the gallery was also discussed, and it was also rejected. 

[HAIIAPHNK]

7 hours ago, Martes said:

On the other hand the builder, probably, had a relatively free hand at implementing the design when mounting the decorations on the hull, and could change sizes and angles of details to fit the ship at hand.

 

We can compare (keeping in mind that the ship was substantially rebuilt before she was captured) the decorations design for Le Ferme and the English lines as taken off.

 

Thank you, Martes, you've put my mind at ease. So I can forget about worrying about changing the tilt. That's good news.

[HAIIAPHNK]

1 hour ago, Chapman said:

Van de Velde shows the last middle deck gun port of the French Reine with a standard gunport lid.

The contemporary model of HMS Prince from 1670 had at that place a vertically divided lid. The latter would better adapt to the shape of the side gallery on the Fulminant.

This would also cover the inharmonious and deep cut into the side gallery.

 

 

That's an interesting solution. What was the benefit of splitting the single cover vertically? A horizontal cut I can imagine. So, for example, you can put the cannon as far forward as possible so it takes up less space in the cabin. And then the horizontal doors "hug" the gun barrel. You can quickly open them if necessary without moving the cannon. But what does the vertical separation do? In the picture I see that all hatches open upwards. Why make a cut then? It doesn't make sense. The vertical separation should change the mounting style. In this case, the hatch should swing out to the sides like a normal window. Am I wrong? Or did I see something wrong?

[HAIIAPHNK]

Oh! I apologize. I re-read your post several times. And only then I realized that the picture refers to the first part of your answer and it is useless to look for a divided lid there. That's what initially confused me.
Now everything has fallen into place. Indeed, your idea is very simple and natural. If the gallery has halves that open out to the sides, like a normal window, it immediately solves all the problems. Thank you. It's so simple. In the end, I can show anything I want to show. I can close the doors and it'll look exactly like Beren's. Or I can open it on the other side and show you how the gun is hidden. 
It looks like the answers have been found and this issue is over! 

[HAIIAPHNK]

The need for another discussion has arisen quite unexpectedly. And I would like to address the question once again. Please express your opinion.
The essence is as follows. I looked at the sketches with the decor and I had a complete impression that everything is clear here. Since I see lines and images, then exactly the same explanation of these images have others. But it turned out quite by accident that I see some details with one interpretation, and the customer in the same images sees something completely different.

And we began to share our opinions about what is drawn as separate elements on Beren's greisails.
And at the same time there was a thought, what if there are not even two such different versions? What if there are more variants?
For better understanding I made a small questionnaire. I wrote down each question as a separate item. I think it is easier to give answers this way and it will be clear where to look when reading your answer.

For simplicity, I will conditionally divide the images into tiers.

Let it be the 1st floor - the lowest level of windows. 
Floor 2 is the top row of windows with a balcony.
and the 3rd floor is called the roof or attic. This is what is above the top edge of the windows up to the skylights.

 

Next we remove the ornaments from our interest. I don't think there's any point in discussing them.

 

 

And we'll start on the first floor. 
In my opinion, on the bottom floor, these are eagles. How do you rate whether there are repeating figures depicted everywhere? 
answer 1a: _______________

 

Or are there variations in some places? For example, maybe see that somewhere it is other birds? Which ones are they then?
answer 1b: ______________

 

 

 

The second tier shows heads that are in the middle of each segment with ornaments. What do you think these heads are, whose heads are they? Is it an animal? What kind?
2а: ___________________

Are all the heads the same or do you see depictions of other characters somewhere? If so, where exactly is something different depicted, in what location?

2b: ___________________

 

And who is this?
2с: ____________________

 

 

On the third floor, I am again particularly interested in the heads. Who is depicted on this level? Is it the same character as below or is it someone else already?
3а: ____________________

 

In my opinion there are three heads depicted on this floor. One on the transom, right on the arch above the windows, in the very center (Maskaron). And two on the sides. In the transom picture you can see these heads in profile. If I remember correctly, this element on the ship is called Quarter piece. And in the picture with Quarter gallery you can see them in front.
And here the same additional question: are they the same everywhere or do you think they are heads of different characters?

3b: ______________________

 

 

These questions are enough. Please share your opinion.

[Chapman]

Based on the main decorative figure, the winged coat of arms with lilies, and the top end of the side galleries with fire and birds, I think the bird depictions are phoenixes.

 

As for the heads, they look like frightening scary faces. I suspect that the heads do not represent a specific character and are all pretty much identical, because they were probably made in a small series by an assistant.

 

[Hubac's Historian]

Because the birds on the gallery level are not springing from stylized fire, I am going to disagree and say that they are intended to represent eagles.  This would be more consistent with the allegory of Zeus as exemplified by Le Foudroyant of 1723:

As for the mascaroons on the upper gallery level, the identical figures appear on Berain’s draft for L’Ambiteaux:

They are more clearly seen, here, and it seems they are supposed to represent lion’s faces.

 

That seems, also, to be how our Italian friend interpreted them:

[druxey]

I would agree with Mark: the birds are eagles. The 'faces' are stylised lions' heads.

[HAIIAPHNK]

Thank you for the answers. 
As I said, this discussion should help to find a common solution. And you have already helped very well. You can say that in general all comments stand in the same line. And all opinions confirm each other. The distinction between eagles and phoenixes can safely be omitted, because the cardinally different meaning has not changed. It is important that all of you see one image, not two different ones at the same time. 
In this example, you can see how differently we are organized. Looking at the same image everyone can have a different feeling. 
And it is not surprising that my opinion did not coincide with the customer's. In particular, it suddenly turned out that we identify heads differently. According to the customer's opinion on the side galleries under the windows are not the same characters that can be seen on the transom, on the balustrade (on the 2nd floor). And there was also confusion with the heads above the windows. 
Next I will publish the letter I wrote for the customer. In it I tried to argue my point of view, because I saw in Beren's drawings not the same thing that the customer saw.
If you see fallacies or errors in my logical chain, it would be interesting to hear it.
 

[HAIIAPHNK]

So, what do I see in our drawings?

What I agree with you on is that there are two kinds of heads in the drawing.

The 1st kind is lion heads. This is a fairly common image in baroque jewelry. It can be found in great abundance in architecture. Here, for example:

 

 

 

 

 

Now let's move on to our drawing, or rather drawings. I would immediately divide the image into floors or levels. This division is conditional, for different tasks it is possible to divide it differently. But for our discussion this variant is enough. We can call these tiers 1 - design of the lower balcony, 2 - design of the upper balcony, 3 - design of the "roof". And each tier has its own theme. At the bottom is located "bird floor". Above it is the "animal" floor. And even higher is the mystical, spiritual or fairy tale floor. Since we are going to discuss lions and fauns, we mentally remove the lower tier and pay no more attention to it. We will be interested in floors 2 and 3.

 

 

Clearly, each author has different traits. In our drawing, you correctly pointed out that the lions have fangs. I saw them too. Except that you think that not all heads in tier 2 have such features. You think that among them there are both lion and human heads (or conditionally human (I don't know what to call the face of a mythical faun, let it be a humanoid species). I disagree with you on this one. And here's why. You and I realize that the 17th century drawing was done by hand. It is not a computerized cloning of identical elements. And therefore 10 identical images will quite naturally have their own peculiarities. I think you can easily agree with this position. Also we have a document that has image quality limits, and we are not able to zoom in and compare the smallest details. And the fangs are just such fine details. And we can have a long discussion about which head each of us sees them on, and which one definitely doesn't.

We can zoom in and it will bear fruit. We can also note what else the lion's head has in Beren's interpretation. It's the mane, the hair. And we can also see the ears. Cat ears. So we have three qualities by which we can call the painted one a lion. I would call the mane the least of these identifying features. Since mystical faces can also have long hair or beards. And it will be very difficult to argue where the beard is depicted, and where the lion's mane. But the first two signs will help us a lot. We may not notice the small fangs. But if on the same face or face there are animal ears, it will give us enough reason to attribute the head to the company of lions. Some heads have both features clearly visible, both ears and teeth, in some we can clearly see something one of the two. But in this case we will connect another point of logical thinking.

 

Since we are talking about decor, we will help us laws on which and build decorative jewelry. And first of all it is symmetry. It is logical that if we look at a number of similar images, they should be arranged in a certain rhythm. And if on the right we clearly see a lion's head by two signs, it means that on the left in the same place there should also be a lion's head, and not someone else.

Therefore, I, using all the above arguments can draw a clear conclusion: the 2nd floor shows lion heads. There are no fauns there.

 

I'll add one more argument. You wrote that in your opinion, the transom side shows lions, while the sides are fauns. If you did not find the above already listed valid, I will mention another reason to believe that from the sides are the same lions as on the transom. I've already written about the tier divisions. The views of the images on the balcony railings are in the form of a continuous ribbon that starts on one side of the ship, goes to the transom and ends on the other side. Look at the 1 "bird" tier. Agree that there are eagles depicted everywhere. There is no interchangeability, for example, on the transom are eagles, and on the sides are already angels or some other characters that can be attributed to eagles or confused with them. The same character is on the whole ribbon. In my opinion, it seems very logical that the same principle should apply to the upper balcony. What do you think? Is my thinking logical?

 

 

Now about the third tier and mythical Fauns. I can incorrectly name decorative elements, as I have been naming them in Russian all my life, and the names may or may not coincide. In Russian architectural terminology there is a name "Maskarons"

Maskarons, unlike the intimidating gargoyles, may also have a comic, neutral, or romantic appearance.

The Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and E.A. Efron on the word "mascaron" gives this information:

"Mascaron is in architecture a convex stucco ornament in the form of a mask of a human face, with a serious or caricatured expression, sometimes surrounded by foliage and often appearing in the middle of a figural cartouche. It is usually placed as an ornament on the capstones of arches, in the middle of the upper part of the lining of windows and doors, under entablatures and balconies, at the openings of fountain pipes, etc. Mascarones were especially in vogue in the XVII and XVIII centuries and architects of that epoch abundantly decorated the facades of palaces, rich houses, country villas and other buildings with them, sometimes to the detriment of their seriousness and elegance". (Encyclopedic Dictionary, F.A. Brockhaus, I.A. Efron, T.XVIIIa. pp. 716, St. Petersburg, 1896).

As a rule, a mascaron is placed in a prominent place: in the lock of an arch, above a window or doorway.

Characters for these heads could be chosen by different representatives. Cupids,

fantastic grotesque masks, deities, antique characters, male, female or child faces or animals.

 

 

 

 

 

 

I don't know exactly what character is drawn in our case. Surely it must be some particular character who tells his part of the story, which is summarized in the whole decor of the ship. But let us call him Faunus.

Let's turn again to our drawing. What are some of the distinctive elements that Beren decorated his Fauns with? Are there any repeating elements that you can see in different places. There are. Let's start with the mascaron above the doorway at the stern. I just now noticed that I didn't quite correctly refer to all the Fauns on the ship as mascarons, whereas we only have one arch over the doorway. But since it would take a long time to rewrite, re-translate and layout the text, I'll leave it as it is. I apologize for the imprecision in terminology.

So, back to the mascaron. Let's look at the signs on it. Let's start with the most noticeable one: 1 - he has flames pouring out of his mouth, 2 - he has an ornament on his head. I tried to translate the Russian term, but it doesn't sound quite the same in English, there is a double understanding. So I will list a number of words that can, to varying degrees, describe the meaning I am trying to convey: wreath, crown, shell.

 

And also the distinct differences from lions can be noted separately. The head above the door has no fangs and it has no ears.

We can call this Faunus conditionally the main, as he is on the central place and has a large crown-shell on his head. His two companion-colleagues on the sides are more like assistants or subordinates. They also have decorations on their heads, but they are much more modest. And if the jewelry of the main one can be called a crown, then the side ones are more like hoops. If you want, you can doubt whether the side heads have any headdress, maybe it's just hair. But if you look at the drawing with the transom of the ship, there you can see how the Faunus henchmen look in profile. I think it is still jewelry and not locks of hair. That's purely my opinion though. In general, there is no point in arguing separately on this element, it will not change the overall picture much.

Otherwise, you can still see that it's the same company. They all spew flames and are missing ears and fangs. In this they differ significantly from the heads on the 2nd floor. Even if one can question the absence of ears or fangs on some of the lions there, such as the center lion head on the transom, it still doesn't make it part of the heads on the third floor. No head on the 2nd floor has a headdress or flame, and there is not a single head on the third floor without those attributes. So again I am of the opinion that all the equal images are arranged horizontally: eagles on one level, lions on the second, mythical creatures on the third level. They do not jump above or below.

 

 

I find the next part of my reasoning weak myself. It is not even a proof, but rather a desire to see this drawing as a proof. Rather, it is a kind of feeling.

Let's go back to the fact that the whole decorative ensemble has levels. Let's pay attention to the 3rd level. That's where the Fauns live. Only now we'll turn our attention to the other elements of this level. And I will draw a logical thread to the head ornaments of the Fauns. I've already written that these ornaments look like shells. And exactly on this tier we can meet these same elements, but already as separate decorative symbols. Let's look at the drawing of the ship's transom. In the same row, above the windows, where the main Faunus is located on the ends we can see the same shells as on his decoration. At especially exuberant imagination it is even possible to say that intermediate flowers in the form of three-leaf clovers remind small head ornaments of Fauns-helpers. And in the same 3rd level on the dome of the side galleries there is the largest shell, which by meaning is also connected with the Fauns. Nowhere on the 2nd tier there is not a single shell, which again leads to the idea that all decorative elements are placed by floors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[druxey]

The grotesque heads (your 'mascarons') are spitting flames. There was a French ship named 'Crâche-feu': fire spitter. Very appropriate for a warship!  

[HAIIAPHNK]

8 hours ago, druxey said:

The grotesque heads (your 'mascarons') are spitting flames. There was a French ship named 'Crâche-feu': fire spitter. Very appropriate for a warship!

 

Thank you for the information. I wanted to see what kind of ship it was. Is that it?

 

 

 

 

[druxey]

That is the one!

[HAIIAPHNK]

I received another email from a customer. I am showing a visual drawing from him. 

 

As you can clearly see from this diagram, the customer thinks that there can be different opinions. For example, what on one side can be interpreted as a lion's chin with a mane can also be seen as a flame. This means that these are no longer lions, but fauns. For this reason, he is inclined to think that the side galleries depict the heads of mythical grotesques, not animals. 

What do you think? What does your eye see?

At this stage I will not describe my opinion so that it does not conflict with the client's opinion and the disinterested viewer can be guided by his or her own conclusions.

 

[mtaylor]

I go with the flames/cannon balls except for the drawing in the upper left corner.   That looks like a lion to me. Was "bomb" ship firing mortors as those kinds of symbols were common themes on them.

[Hubac's Historian]

With all respect for your client, I disagree about what is being represented beneath the lion mascaroons; a stylized mane is logical and probable.  The pilasters on the headrails, on the other hand - those do appear to be flames.  Same for the “grenades” of the forward headrail rosette, and the trailboard.

[HAIIAPHNK]

Thank you for your participation and opinions. I really appreciate it. 
I especially noticed the respect you have for the customer. It's very... I don't know what the right word is here. It's very... Let it be weighty, heavy, valuable. 
In one wise book there are some words like these: a measure filled to the brim, tamped and shaken. A measure to which it is impossible to add anything else. 
For me, this is especially valuable! 

 

[Chapman]

Hi!

 

Anyone can certainly interpret a lot of things, but are they really reflecting the thoughts of people from another century?
If a customer gives his interpretation, why not take it into account. The customer is king, as they say in Germany.

[HAIIAPHNK]

10 hours ago, Chapman said:

Hi!

 

Anyone can certainly interpret a lot of things, but are they really reflecting the thoughts of people from another century?
If a customer gives his interpretation, why not take it into account. The customer is king, as they say in Germany.

 

Yes, you're right.
This survey appeared at the request of the customer. He wanted me to communicate with other modelers and express all the versions that each of us has. 
And now he has the last word, I will wait for his decision. 
For my part, I am glad that the difference of opinion is revealed now. When you can discuss and adjust your actions. It's worse when you get a result you're not ready for. 

[HAIIAPHNK]

 

By the way, in the letter from the customer, he highlighted the image of the grenades. And now I catch myself thinking that I don't know the exact answer. I just never paid attention to it. In the collection of sketches with Fulminant, there are several places where images of hand bombs are repeated. And everywhere they have different nuances. In some cases, they're just balls surrounded by flames. On the dome of the side gallery, the ropes that criss-cross around the balloon are clearly visible. In other places there are strange touches. What do they mean?
I used to take these broken lines as the moment of grenade bursting, when the hull has already begun to rupture and this is how the cracks are shown. And so these cracks can always be in different shapes.
But what if I'm wrong? Maybe something else is drawn there? Maybe it's some letter, for example, or some sign that should be only like this? 
Can I make different patterns on the other side (if they are cracks) or must I copy all the curves exactly (if it carries some meaning)?

 

 

 

Decided to find out and saw that there are different variations. There are also balls without any drawings. And there are some that have some decorations on them.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Edited October 15, 2023 by HAIIAPHNK

[Hubac's Historian]

The central ball at the top of the upper finishing (flanked by wings) appears to be crossed with a rope relief.

 

The other grenades do appear to be cracking, as on detonation.  It’s really pretty menacing imagery, and unique among French ships of this time period.

[druxey]

I have seen other engravings showing flaming, bursting grenades in exactly the same way. I can't remember seeing any with rope bindings or handles: perhaps those were not hand-thrown but shot from cannon?

[HAIIAPHNK]

I suddenly noticed that the cracks had something in common. They are not randomly drawn, but resemble letters. Like "sigma" or "epsilon." And the slope is very similar. Maybe it's some kind of sign, not just a crack.
Logically, it probably means a hand bomb, not a cannonball, I think. All ships have cannonballs, and it's not something distinctive that stands out in the decor of the ship. A hand grenade, on the other hand, can be compared to a lightning bolt in the hands of Zeus. He throws them. And it doesn't make sense to tie a cannonball with a rope. I hardly understand why such ropes on the grenade, but here we can assume that it is for hanging or so shown bickford cord.
In any case, there is little point in finding an answer to whether this grenade is a hand grenade or a cannonball. That in one case or the other will have no effect on the final appearance on the thread. Whether there is a crack there or some kind of mark is a different question. We'll have to look for other options. I think I've already seen similar parts on some ship somewhere. But I don't remember that there were any signs. 

[HAIIAPHNK]

I have never been an expert on the subject. One could say that even now I have not dived deep into it. Rather, I lazily searched on the surface. 
According to the images found, it can be said that grenadier grenades are depicted in a rather monotonous way. In different countries and at different times almost unchanged. I did not find any examples of any special marks on the grenades.

 

 

 

 

 

However, there are hand bombs with monograms. But these are either examples of gift souvenirs, where the cartouche denotes a certain person. Or it's the mark of a foundry.

 

 

 

If we assume that the signs on Beren's bombs stand for some letter, it is worth noting that it is a letter, as there is no such writing in French, Latin or Greek. I tried to find any word that might begin with the letters "sigma" or "epsilon". But my imagination does not go further than the words "Zeus", "Jupiter", "Fulminant" or "Ludovic". And none of the above has any connection with these letters. The sign only resembles a letter, and if such an image were not repeated on different elements of decoration, it could well be called a simple crack. Of course, cartouches and monograms can have fanciful curves. Sometimes you need to break your head to understand what letters are encrypted in the cartouche.

So I haven't found any serious clues to the idea that the mark on the pomegranates means anything. But that could mean I wasn't looking hard enough.

 

The solution lies on the surface:
Try to copy Beren's drawn zigzags as closely as possible and make them on both sides of the hull. In this case, I will definitely not make a mistake. 

You could say that the question was born out of nothing, and the answer is the most predictable. But it was interesting to ponder a small detail.

And maybe in time the answer will be found after all.....

[HAIIAPHNK]

So far, everything written in this thread has been about theoretical searches. Which is understandable. Moreover, I am sure that more than once we will have to pay attention to these or those questions that need to be solved with books in hand, covered with historical sketches. Or simply with a ruler, pencil and paper.
But along with this, it is time to develop the topic further.
And to touch already practical affairs in the shipyard on my desk. But for that, too, we need to pay attention to the explanations. 
It so happens that the Fulminant is in many respects a novelty. For the first time this ship is being made. It is the first time we have been able to see documents from the archives. 
But for me personally, this very "first time" started at the stage of thinking whether to take on this project at all. The thing is that for me personally there is a lot here that I have never done before. And therefore I have no experience.
And first of all it concerns the technique of execution. The customer, when he contacted me, said that he wanted this model to use not quite ordinary materials. They are not new, there will not be any creptonide, anaptanium or something fantastic. On the contrary, the materials that the customer wanted to use are familiar. They've been used to make ship models for a long time. But still, it is not a very common material. I personally have never had any experience in this direction.
What are we talking about? The customer stipulated that in the jewelry should be used bone and gilding.....

 

 

And that means that my work will be through experimentation, exploration, mistakes and fixing them. 
I will also sometimes describe my actions in detail. I don't know how useful and interesting this will be for others. But I think that I am not the only one who discovers new things during this project, so there is hope that my findings and mistakes will be at least interesting not only to me alone. And for myself, this style of presentation will be useful. I have already faced the fact that when I do something new, I eventually forget how I did it. And when there is an opportunity to reread myself, it is a good way to save time in the future. Who knows, maybe someday I'll have to do again what I'm doing now for the first time.

 

[druxey]

A bone model? If you use any power tools, you will need to get used to the smell!

[HAIIAPHNK]

So, I got the materials I need to familiarize myself with.

 

First and foremost is the bone itself. In my case, the customer gave me several different versions of elephant bone. The first kind was old billiard balls. They were once made from elephant tusk. Nowadays it is hard to imagine such a thing, they are molded from plastic, but it used to be different.

 

The second kind of elephant ivory were these scraps. I don't know what they are. Most likely, they are just scraps that are no longer good for anything. Since my carvings are very small objects, scraps like this may well come in handy. Well, one of the things to make from these scraps is training material. Since I have never worked with this material this stage of work is very important. First you need to work on such pieces, which are not so miserable to waste for training.

 

 

The third bone "donor" looked like this. These small thin strips once made a beautiful melody. These plates were inside a piano or grand piano. And were the percussion tips on the hammers that strike the strings inside that musical instrument. I hope I didn't get anything mixed up in the description, which I might have too. I am not an expert on the piano. 

 

 

In short, all kinds of elephant ivory was in the form of items already in use. And as they say, Fulminant will not be the cause of the death of any living thing. 

I have failed to mention only the last type of material. Actually, this kind of ivory can no longer be called ivory.

 

It's a bone substitute. And it's a type of material I've never held in my hands until now. Never even heard of it. Or rather not so, I've seen this stuff before on some woodworking websites, but never paid attention to it. And now I'm holding THIS in my hands for the first time.....
These are not fossilized dinosaur eggs. Or Khaleesi's stolen dragon eggs. These are tagua nuts. 

 

 

From the outside, they look like this. On the inside, they're a uniform white substance. It's dense to the touch. I don't know if this is the fossilized body of the nut or if it looks the same when fresh. Whether this nut is eaten or used as a material for carving or other crafts. I'm sure it's not hard to find information, I haven't looked.

 

 

This is the kind of bone substitute that is used. 
At this point I'll step back a bit. And mention one more option for replacing elephant ivory. I heard about this material by accident. Unlike real bone or even unlike walnut, this material is completely synthetic. It is most likely a type of plastic. This material is called ELFORYN. I easily found several ads on amazon and other sites where you can learn more about this material and order it.
In my case it will definitely not fit, I know that my customer is an active opponent of artificial materials and will not agree to the use of something like this. Therefore, I did not even begin to tell about this discovery. But what if someone finds it useful? So this is just information for thinking.

 

 

I'll stop there for now. If anyone has any questions, I will do my best to answer them.

A little later I will tell you about the first stages of getting acquainted with new materials. What advantages I saw, and what disadvantages I found.
But about that a little later. I need to prepare the text, and for me this process is not quick. 

 

Edited October 23, 2023 by HAIIAPHNK

[HAIIAPHNK]

20 minutes ago, druxey said:

A bone model? If you use any power tools, you will need to get used to the smell!

 

Oh, yeah! The smell! That's one of the topics that comes up first! Even wearing a respirator doesn't save you from the smell. At least it keeps out the dust. And the only way to work is to go to a desert island, otherwise the odor is insidious. It pisses off the people around you (family, neighbors). And they're already taking me out of the house. They won't let me back in. It is good that I have a separate room in the basement of our house. I go there, close the doors tightly and work there. Almost like in a submarine. ☢️