Tomculb

The rope coils project began with making a jig, inspired by one that is well explained and photographed on the Crafty Sailor website. I got ambitious and made one on which I could put together 5 coils at a time. Unfortunately they were too close together, and while making one coil I found myself snagging the threat on the posts for the neighboring coils. So I pulled the posts for two of them out and turned it into a 3 coil jig. The posts were cut from a large paper clip. I cut slits in the base to secure the end of the rigging thread, but those didn’t hold well at all. Clipping a mini-clothespin to the end worked a lot better. I then wrapped two coils around the vertical posts, then wrapped the third coil around the vertical posts at the top of the coil, and the final two coils around both vertical posts. I then took two or three wraps around the coils and secured it with a half hitch at the end. For some reason the latter wraps proved to be more difficult than I expected, and for the most part they don’t have a consistent look from coil to coil. As a young adult sailor some decades ago I easily coiled thousands of lines over the years, but rope and rigging thread just don’t behave the same way. Also, getting the coils to hang naturally (vertically) was sometimes problematic. Unfortunately I didn’t take any photos of the numerous odd ways I leaned things against the coils to get them to hang vertically, soaking the loop around the belaying pin with diluted white glue and letting it dry. There were two empty belaying pins on the athwartships part of the fife rail, so I hung a couple of extra coils on them. I also hung coils on the cleats on the mast I secured the trusses with. And now some pictures . . . Next project is completing the hammock netting and rails I started but never finished maybe a year or so ago.

In addition to the usual slow down in the shipyard during holiday season, this year I’m also distracted by the World Cup (sad day yesterday for English fans), and locally I have already used my snowblower more this year than the last two or three put together. And winter is still 10 days away! I did not build and install the aft guard rail on the fighting top when instructed, figuring it would get in the way of stringing the running rigging, and I think that was a good decision, although the rigging now made the job of installing the built rail a little more challenging. The instructions suggest putting the netting material on top of wax paper and giving it a coat of diluted white school glue, then pressing the aft frame against the wet glue. I was afraid the wax paper would be difficult to remove once the glue dried, and I took a different approach. I laid one frame on top of wax paper (to protect the surface below), then stretched the netting across that frame, and then gave everything a good coat of glue. When that was dry, I glued the other frame on top of the first frame with the netting sandwiched in between. That worked pretty well. The reason I wanted the netting coated with diluted white glue was to stiffen it and eliminate the creases in the netting material (since it was folded as supplied). With a new sharp blade in my knife, I cut away the excess netting. The material cuts much more cleanly when it has been stiffened with glue, but after cutting there was still a bit of stubble left. I applied another coat of glue around the frame, then a coat of pain, and then gave it another cut. The result was not as clean as I had hoped, but from any reasonable viewing distance it looks pretty good. A challenge I had not anticipated was that the aft deadeyes, solidly glued in place months ago on the fighting top deck, get in the way of the assembled guard rail. I had to do some cutting and shaving at each end of the guard rail base and the outer stanchion of the rail so that the rail would fit. Nevertheless the base sticks out beyond the aft edge of the deck, rather than being flush with it, but that was the best I could do. I am also getting started with the lower ratlines, another project I did not do when directed in the instructions, thinking they would get in the way of the stringing of running rigging. In retrospect I’m not sure that was a good decision, but rigging the ratlines is nevertheless progressing satisfactorily. Next post will cover rope coils.

Thank you Tim. That's very kind of you. But what I am able to bring to the conversation wouldn't be possible without the valuable contributions of so many who are better informed or more skilled than I am. Most recently that would be Henry (popeye2sea). The community created by these forums is incredible, and I owe a big thank you to all who have made it the great resource that it is.

The lower end of each truss is fixed to the mast at a fairlead glued to the back side of the lower mast while building it. Each line has an eye at the end through which the other line passes through. The kit supplies britannia metal circular thimbles for each eye, but a smaller, thinner, tear-shaped eye would probably be more accurate. Such a fitting is not supplied and would probably be too small to work with. I simply seized an eye, without a fitting, at the end of each line. A couple of weeks ago there was an exchange of posts in which popeye2sea pointed out that the way the instructions explain the trusses is not correct. At the time I didn’t mention this, but I had already rigged the mast end of the trusses as instructed; that is, each line ran through the other line’s eye immediately after leaving the fairlead. It wasn’t difficult to undo what I had done and rerig it correctly; that is, each line left the fairlead, went forward to wrap around the yard, then went aft again to run through the eye in the other line, then up through the open space in the fighting top. Above the fighting top, each line ends with a single block, to which is attached another line. That line becomes part of a tackle, going up to a double block secured to an eyebolt under the mast cap, back down to the single block, up to the double block, and down to a cleat previously installed in the deck of the fighting top. At least in my case, that cleat was installed with no expectation that anything would be belayed to it. It is tiny, flimsy and hard to get to. I decided the line could be belayed just as plausibly to a cleat attached to the topmast. Two pairs of laser cut cleats were glued to the fighting top, but a third pair was left unused, and I carefully glued them to the sides of the mast. What concern I had about these cleats being flimsy was proved justified, as both broke when I tried to belay the lines to them. They are cut from 1/32” thick stock, the grain runs across the tiny throat of each one, they both broke there. So I pried the remaining cleat bases off the mast and built new, heftier cleats from 1/16” square stock. The resulting cleats are too big for scale and as can be seen in the photo below, I didn’t get the throat centered on one of them (later corrected), but such flaws should be largely hidden by a belay and a rope coil. Now on to a fairly lengthy list of things I didn’t do earlier in the build . . . such as lower ratlines, fighting top railing, hammock rails, etc. The end is in sight!

Thanks Brian. I too frequently dip the end of a thread into some CA, but was different here was the length of thread coated in CA. Usually I dip no more than half an inch or so. Your Cairo build is magnificent.

You're right Bob, the rigging gets complicated and crowded. As I've said before, I'm glad I'm doing only one mast. I started rigging the jeers and the truss more or less at the same time, trying to figure out which one would get in the way of the other the most, and leaving that tackle for last. That led me to finishing the jeers first, which will be the subject of this post. Each jeer is a pair of triple blocks, one lashed to the top of the yard, the other just above it, hanging from the mast. I made a pair of lanyards for the latter, by first tying a block to the middle of about 8 inches of thread. I then served the two lengths of thread together, for about an inch above the block. Some may have noticed that I did not serve any of the shrouds where they wrap around the mast. I don’t have a serving machine, and carefully wrapping thin thread around a length of thicker thread at least a couple of dozen times seemed incredibly difficult and tedious. But trying it on these lanyards was a lot easier than I expected. I secured each end with a clove hitch, then gave each serving a healthy dose of diluted white glue. The next challenge was threading the line through each pair of blocks. Things are pretty crowded where the mast and yard come together, and my attempts to get my thumb and fingers in there all failed. What worked was creating a long “needle” with a dose of thin CA on about 2½ inches of the thread to be rigged, stretched straight between a couple of mini clamps. I left about an inch at the end of the thread unglued, so it wouldn’t be glued to the clamp, then cut that end off. The needle enabled me to get the thread through the blocks from the aft side, and it worked! I hung each lanyard loosely around the mast, not tying it until I had the block rigged to its counterpart. They can be seen crossing each other in the second picture below. Finally securing them after the blocks were rigged made it easier to adjust the distance between the blocks, and for whatever reason I rigged the first pair (left in the picture below) about half an inch apart. I think that may have been a mistake, as they would have been better aligned if they had been rigged closer together, as shown on the plans. Especially the blocks on the right don’t line up very well. Finally when I brought the ends of the lines down to the fife rail, they crossed behind the already installed running rigging, running from the upper block just forward of the mast to the aft end of the fife rail. To avoid rubbing up against those other lines, I brought these lines down to the back side of, and under, the rail. In the picture of the blocks above, you can see that I have wrapped the pair of trusses around the yard. That and the rigging of the truss tackles will be the subject of my next post.

That's a big help. Thanks I need to make my way to Boston one of these days. I built Revel's plastic version of the Constitution more than 35 years ago, and now I'm nearing completion of this cross-section (a much more rewarding build), and while I saw the real thing across the harbor a long time ago, I've never been aboard her.

As I mentioned before, the construction of the lower yard is pretty much the same as the topsail yard, just bigger. The only other differences are a longer batten on the aft side of the yard, cleats attached to the forward side (not yet glued in place in the photo below), and a ring in the middle which will be the lower part of the preventer sling. The preventer sling hangs over the top of the mast cap and dangles just above the yard (Connie’s necklace). After hanging the preventer sling, I glued the yard in place with a locator pin. I then rigged the lifts and what I am now calling the studding boom outhauls, then lashed together the two parts of the preventer sling. The two triple blocks I secured onto the yard before gluing it to the mast are ready for the rigging of the jeers.

Thanks again Henry. For some reason your description of the truss rigging didn't sink in the first time, compounded by the fact that my understanding of "cleat" has been limited to a squat T-shaped thing you tie a line to. But I see now that it can also mean the enclosure of a sheave, or without the sheave, the enclosures on the forward side of the yard that locate the trusses close to the yard as they wrap around it. In any event, you describe each truss passing through the thimble of the other truss after it has gone forward to wrap around the yard and then comes aft again. That makes more sense, since that means both parts of the truss are pulling the yard into the mast, rather than having one part pulling on it diagonally upward as shown in the plans. Here is how the instructions show the trusses passing through the thimbles on the aft side of the mast, before they have wrapped around the yard. I'm learning a lot . . .

Thanks Henry for your comments on terminology. That’s very helpful. “Jeers” is a term I was not familiar with, but looking at Biddlecombe, that’s exactly what is in blue, as you pointed out. The book defines jeers as “Tackles by which the lower yard of a ship are hoisted along the mast to their usual station, or lowered from thence . . . “. As you described them, the truss and the preventer sling appear to be correctly labeled as I used them, but not as used in the instructions. I’m not sure what you mean by the “cleat with the sheave on the trestle trees”. As shown on the plans, there is a sheave on the trestle trees, but no cleat there. The only cleat the trusses encounter is in the top. The only sheaves are the ones attached to the trestle trees, and it seems to me they need to be used to properly direct the truss pendants to the blocks hanging from the mast cap. Am I missing something? Two more terminology issues. First, I have at various times used the term “jig” to refer to a block and tackle assembly, but only because that is the term used in the instructions. I don’t recall seeing that word used that way before. The term I would be inclined to use is “tackle”. Second, the line that is pulled to extend the studding sail boom outward is referred to in the instructions as a “halyard”, but previously I had never seen that word used for anything other than a line that pulls something vertically (e.g. a sail or a yard). I would be more inclined to use the word “studding boom outhaul” or “studding boom outhaul tackle.” I welcome your (or anyone else’s) comments, and thanks again for your insight.

Construction of the main (or lower) yard is basically the same as the topsail yard, only larger (52 eyebolts for the jackstay!). And rigging of the lifts and studding sail booms is the same (and straightforward). But things really get complicated when it comes to the preventer sling(s) and trusses. I am just about ready to attach the yard to the mast and then start on its rigging. Over the last few weeks when I’ve had some down time (usually waiting for something to dry), I have studied the plans (repeatedly) and read the instructions (probably only twice) trying to figure out exactly what is supposed to happen here. I think I’ve figured it out. I took a picture of the plans’ detailed depiction of the rigging which holds the yard to the mast and used some colored pencils to differentiate the three elements of this rigging. The instructions refer to two preventer slings and a truss, but I think it would be more accurate to label two of them as trusses with just one preventer sling. I have a copy of The Art of Rigging by George Biddlecombe, first published about 100 years ago, and he defines “preventer” as a rope “employed sometimes to support, or answer the purpose of, another that has a great strain upon it, or is injured . . .”. My translation is that it is somewhat analogous to a seat belt; that is, it doesn’t do anything unless something bad happens. If I’m right about that, there is only one preventer sling, and that is the standing rigging (instructions say use black thread) shown in green in the picture of the plans above. Biddlecombe defines “truss” as “a rope employed to confine and slacken the lower yards to or from their respective masts.” That sounds like adjustable running rigging to me, and the instructions say use beige thread for these. There are two pairs, one shown in red above and the other in blue. The red ones are for pulling the yard against the mast, and I think of them as horizontal trusses. The other pair is for adjusting the yard up and down, and I think of them as horizontal, or perhaps even halyard, trusses. Those are shown in blue. The one thing that is not made clear above are the ends of what I have called the horizontal trusses (in red), where they attach to the aft side of the mast. There is a good picture on the top right side of page 87 of the instructions that provides some clarity. Basically each line passes through a hole in the fairlead already installed on the mast back there, then through an eye at the bitter end of the other line, then forward to take a loop around the yard, then up through the sheave on the side of a trestle tree, and on up to the jig attached to the underside of the mast cap. Once it leaves the yard, what is shown on the plans is pretty clear. I’ll post more details and pictures as I install this rigging.

A question for you Connie history buffs as I near completion of my build of the main (or lower) yard . . . The plans show Flemish horses (extensions of the foot rope) out at the ends of the main and topsail yards, with the notation "Optional detail based on period being built." Do any of you know what period of history Flemish horses were common? I assumed that had something to do with studding sail booms, since those booms would be hard to reach without a Flemish horse. But the plans show the topgallant yard with studding sail booms and no Flemish horse, and the real Constitution (as of the date of Google Maps videoing) has Flemish horses and no studding sail booms. Some of you have a lot more insight as to issues like this than I do. Thanks

I too built RC planes a lifetime ago (only 3 of them), and since they were gliders built almost entirely with balsa, I used CA almost exclusively, mostly thin. With ship models I use Titebond almost exclusively. I use thin CA to stiffen the ends of threads so I can get them through blocks, medium CA where metal is involved (eg gluing eyebolts into holes in the wood), and diluted white glue to secure knots in rigging. The thing I like about Titebond and wood is that it is almost immediately tacky, but you have some time to move things around before it sets. Also cleanup is easy if you get to it in time. And while its strength is plenty adequate, I have been able to pull a piece off after the glue sets to correct a mistake (eg pulling some planking off a POB hull) without pulling off a lot of the other piece with it.

I ended my last post saying the topsail yard would be just like the topgallant yard, only bigger. Yes it’s definitely bigger, but there are some differences as well. As mentioned in a post back in August, the lower two yards are supposed to be constructed from two dowels, separated by a square piece to be shaped to an octagon in cross section. Then battens are to be glued to the flat parts of the octagon section. I found it easier to make the entire topsail yard out of a single dowel, tapered at both ends and leaving the center section round, not octagonal. As can kind of be seen in the picture below, I painted the middle section black before attaching the battens, because the latter fit so closely together I wasn’t sure I could get black paint into the tiny gaps between them. Eventually almost the entire yard is painted black, unlike the yards above which are entirely stained. Studding sail booms: The end guards and end guard rings (terms used in the instructions but not the plans) are two pieces at each end. Both pieces need to be trimmed after gluing together. The end guard is basically a cage that is slipped onto the end of the yard. Rather than taper the yard ends enough to allow that to happen, I tapered them enough to be flush with the outside of the cage/guard, then cut a smaller round section just thin and long enough to fit inside, as can be seen in the picture above. I think the assembly would have looked better if the guard rings had been cast the same as the topgallant yard rings and if the guards had a hole in them through which the stem of the ring would pass, into a hole drilled into the end of the studding sail booms. This yard, and this yard alone, has what is identified as a “coxcomb” glued to the top of the yard, about half an inch in from each end. I don’t know what a coxcomb is or what the other yards don’t have them, but here I did as I was told. Consistent with everything else about this yard, the plans show the footropes running through stanchions that are somewhat longer than those found on the upper two yards. That doesn’t make sense in my mind, as the men who stood on this yard’s footropes weren’t any taller than the men who stood on the footropes higher up. I made these stanchions the same length as those above. As is discussed in further detail below, the topsail yard is supposed to have two halyards, each one leading to either side of the hull, not just a single halyard leading to the starboard side as is the case with the royal and topgallant yard halyards. The locating pin shown below is dry fit and was replaced with a shorter one before installation on the mast. Halyard(s): I viewed the plans as showing a two-ended halyard wrapped around the mast at its midpoint. Seemed pretty obvious to me that running rigging wrapped around a mast wasn’t going to “run” very well. Reading the instructions, what’s contemplated is two halyards, each ending with a clove hitch around the mast. But after leaving the mast, each halyard passes through a double block on the yard, then passes over the top of the forward cross tree, then aft to a single block attached to either side of the mast, then down to the jig which secures it to the hull. How this running rigging is supposed to “run”, and change direction by 90°, when it passes over the edge of the cross tree under tension, is beyond me. So since I was going to ignore both the plans and instructions to remedy that problem anyway, I decided to turn it into a double ended halyard (by hanging a single block on the front of the mast). After passing through the double block on the yard, each halyard runs below the crosstrees and through a single block hanging below and between the middle and aft crosstrees. Finally and a little late now, I wish I had made the halyard jigs shorter. The yards are displayed in their raised position, which would mean that most of the line in each jig would be pulled in and the two ends of the jigs would be close together. As rigged (which is consistent with the plans), to bring the yards down to their lowered positions (shown faintly on the plans as an alternative), the upper ends of the jigs would end up tucked up close beneath the fighting top. I doubt that would be the case on the real ship.

Thank you Brian and Tom. Repeatedly throughout this build I've thought how grateful I am that I'm building a cross section and not the full Connie. I don't think I'd have the patience to do what I'm doing three times over. 😱

Almost a month since my last progress posting. Where did the time go! Installing and rigging the topgallant yard was almost the same as the royal yard, but with the addition of the studding sail boom halyards and additional purchase on the lifts and boom halyard. First I needed to seize a number of blocks in place. There is a single block seized on the upper side of the yard outside each pair of chocks (for a total of two, not four as stated in the instructions), for the lifts. Then for the studding boom halyards, a single block on the underside just inside each pair chocks, and a single block on the underside about 5/8” out from each side of the center of the yard. Finally for the topgallant halyard, a single block is seized to a sling which wraps around the middle of the yard. The instructions show the halyard seized to this block, needing a double block above it on the mast, but the plans (which I followed) show the halyard seized to the mast block, resulting in a tackle with two single blocks. Hooks need to be seized on the end of two long pieces of thread which will be the studding boom halyards. The hooks are attached to the eyebolts previously installed at the inner end of each boom, and the thread then gets led through the lower blocks near each end of the yard, then through the blocks near the center of the yard, and coiled for now. Finally one end of the parrel can be tied to one of the eyebolts sticking out of the back of the yard yoke. A pair of single blocks for the lifts need to be seized to each side of the mast just above the shroud loops wrapping around the mast, above the topgallant cross trees. A long piece of thread needs to be seized to each such block. The yard halyard is seized to a block, which in turn is supposed to be attached to a sling which secures it to the forward side of the mast, but somehow mine turned out to be just another seizing. As mentioned above, I used a single block here. The lifts and halyard can be coiled to await attachment of the yard to the mast. Next was gluing the yard to the mast, using the location pin at the back of the yard and a hole I had previously drilled in the front of the mast. I then secured the loose end of the parrel to the open eyebolt in the yoke. Then came the fun of releasing the coils of rope, one by one, leading the line down through the standing rigging to belaying pins at deck level. . . a relatively easy step which leads to satisfyingly significant progress. Comments on doing this: The royal yard lifts ran easily from the blocks on either side of the mast, behind the topgallant and topsail crosstrees, through the aft end of the open spaces in the fighting top, behind the futtock shrouds, without interference all the way down to the aft side of the fife rail. Here I made a mistake, belaying the port lift line to the second pin in from the end rather than the third pin in. As discussed below, I didn’t not correct the error. The royal yard halyard ran from its block on the mast, around the starboard side of the mast, aft of both sets of cross trees, aft and outside the fighting top. It then went down to where it was seized to the double block which formed part of the jig tackle, the other end of which was hooked to the outer eyebolt attached to the aft end of the starboard channel. The topgallant studding sail boom halyards ran from their blocks on the yard, down just outside the forward topsail crosstrees, through the middle of the spaces on either side of the fighting top, ahead of the futtock shrouds, and down to the fore and aft parts of the fife rail. The topgallant lifts ran from their blocks on either side of the mast, behind the topsail crosstrees, through the aft end of the open spaces in the fighting top and inside the royal lifts, and on down to the aft side of the fife rail where they were belayed to the pins just inside where the royal lifts were belays. The fact that the lifts on the port side were belayed one pin farther out than the lifts on the starboard side caused no problems, and I decided this was an error not worth correcting. The topgallant yard halyard ran parallel to the royal yard halyard down to its jig tackle. In hooking the tackle to its eyebolt in the starboard channel, the main part of this tackle ran between the main part of the royal tackle and the tail end of the royal tackle belayed inside the bulwark. On to the topsail yard. More of the same . . . only bigger.

Welcome Brian and thank you. I hope you find my log to be helpful. Although I have found this build to be more challenging than expected, it's been really rewarding, and I have enjoyed it immensely. I hope you have a similar experience.

Thanks for the kind words Tim. Too often I look at a close up photo of my work and see nothing but flaws. I guess we all have some tendency to be hard on ourselves.😀

I have finished the ratlines on the topmast shrouds. I still need to add sheer poles above the deadeyes. As I neared the top, the challenge was threading and tying the ratlines where the shrouds were so close together. On the final one at the top, I omitted the clove hitches on the shrouds on either side of the middle one, to avoid ending up with nothing more than shoulder to shoulder knots. There should probably be one more ratline in the gap between the top one and the futtock stave, but as it is things are awfully crowded there. I’m hoping the lower ratlines are a little easier to do than these were. No second set of shrouds immediately behind the ones with the ratlines, and a little more space to work with at the top.

Rigging and installing the royal yard was simple and straightforward. I generally enjoy working on running rigging more than standing rigging. As suggested in the instructions, I installed the rigging on the yard before gluing the yard to the mast. The lifts run from each end of the yard up to small blocks tied to either side of the mast at the circular shoulder, then down to the pin rail where they are belayed. The halyard is looped through the yoke and around the middle of the yard, up to the remaining small block on the mast, and down the starboard side to a block and tackle to be hooked onto an eyebolt installed at the aft end of the starboard channel. Some comments on the halyards: The royal, topgallant and topsail yard halyards all end similarly, except that the topsail yard halyard has two ends, the other end attaching to a similar arrangement on the port side. The instructions refer to the halyard block and tackles as “jig tackles”. The instructions are a little confusing here. Consecutive paragraphs, both beginning with drilling holes and installing three eyebolts in the aft end of the starboard channel (one in the port channel), then going on to describe partially overlapping, partially different, parts of the royal yards running rigging. Each jig tackle is the same. A hook is stropped to one end of a single block (incorrectly referred to as a double block in the instructions), and the jig tackle line is seized to the other end of the block. The line then runs up to a double block seized to the end of the halyard, about 5 inches above the channel. The line runs through that double block, down to the block with the hook, back up to the double block, and then down to the pin rail on the starboard inner bulwark, where it is belayed. Finally, the instructions say to use beige thread for the parallel, but I don’t think of that as running rigging. I used dark brown thread, the same thread I used to lash shroud deadeyes together (“adjustable standing rigging”). Here are more pictures. I recently came across a discussion on these boards about belaying (which I can't find now). A convincing argument is made that repeated figure 8 wraps around the pin are not necessary and not historically accurate. Rather, as I have done in the photos above, make one loop around the bottom of the pin under the fife rail, and a second one above, the latter being looped under itself, or belayed. On a real ship, the line can be quickly unbelayed if adjustments need to be made in a hurry, and on a model this two loop belay is quick and easy to do. Hopefully the tails I left in the final photo above will be hidden by the coils that will be installed later.

Thanks for the comment Bob, and thanks to all who have added their "likes". Working my way down the mast, the topgallant yard is next. I didn’t get much in the way of progress pictures, but there are a number of things to talk about. This yard and the ones below it have studding sail booms, which are used to extend additional sails out beyond the yards themselves. These booms require hardware (“iron work” in the words of the instructions), and the instructions are a real problem here. They start with a picture of the various pieces, saying there are 18 of them when there are actually 20. The picture and the plans show 18, but the plans’ text say that there are a pair of “main yard outer boom iron caps” and a pair of “topsail outer boom iron caps”, which is in fact what is supplied with the kit. Not a big deal since, at least as far as I can tell, none of these 4 boom iron caps are used in this model! I have no idea what they are supposed to be. But far more concerning is the fact that the instructions and the plans inexplicably do not use the same terms to describe these less-than-intuitive parts. The plans show part numbers for these things (#2065 followed by a hyphen and a two digit number), but the instructions do not refer to the part numbers at all. After studying the instructions at length, I think I have figured it out, and in the picture taken of the plans below I have written in the terms used in the instructions. I hope future builders find this helpful. I would add that the instructions say to "darken" these pieces, but I have never found what I use, Darken-It, to work on Britannia metal. I used flat black paint. The lower three yards also have a pair of chocks at the outer ends, and these are laser-cut in small, medium and large pieces. Only problem is that there is only one pair of each size and obviously two pairs are required. Not a big deal as they are easy to cut from the same sheet of wood that the laser cut pieces come from. The instructions don’t mention, but the plans show, that the booms are angled up and out away from the yards at a 45 degree angle. Or perhaps more clearly, looking at a cross section of the yard and boom, with the top of the mast being north and forward being to the east, the booms are to the northeast. Holes need to be drilled in the yard for what the plans call “top gallant quarter irons” (one for each boom), which can be glued in place. Then insert the “topgallant outer irons” in holes drilled into the ends of the yard, but as the instructions appropriately warn, don’t glue until the booms are slid in place and these fittings can be angled in such a way that the booms and the yards all run parallel to each other. As I did with the royal yard, I ran the thread for the foot ropes through some diluted white glue and let it dry before rigging them through the long eyebolts and tying them to the yards. That worked fairly well with the first foot rope on this yard. The second one was an entirely different story. For some reason tying the end of the thread to the boom proved really problematic, and I couldn’t get the clove hitches on the eyebolts to look or act anything like clove hitches. After spending more time on it than I did on the previous three foot ropes combined, I went to tie the remaining end onto the boom and realized that the thread was too short to have any realistic chance of tying a knot. After cussing up a storm (fortunately my wife wasn’t home), I got up from my work bench (the smartest thing I did all day), went outside and took a walk of about a mile, and ate lunch before returning to my work bench. Things went a little more smoothly the second time around, but again it proved to be harder to do than it should have been. Next time I may experiment with going back to merely wetting, stretching and drying the thread before tying it on, then applying diluted white glue with the hope of being able to bend the thread to the desired look and having it stay that way. Enough text . . . here are some pictures. When I took them, I had not yet added the eyebolts to the yoke for the parrell. And here’s the topgallant yard dry fit on the mast. I am going to take a little break with the yards and get the ratlines finished. Then I’m thinking about installing these two yards with their running rigging, before moving on to the topmast and lower yards.

Onto the yards . . . The instructions begin this phase of the build by saying that the lower and topsail yards are each constructed of three pieces: two dowels connected by a square piece that will be shaped to an octagon in cross section. But there are some problems here: The square middle pieces are not referred to in the parts list. The lower yard middle piece is said to be 5/16” square, and the 3” long piece of that size has already been used for the square base of the topmast. The instructions don’t specify a size for the topsail yard’s middle piece, and that would presumably be 1/4” square, of which there does appear to be enough left over. Dowels for all of the yards are mentioned in the parts list and are supplied. However . . . Looking at the plans, these octagon sections are supposed to have eight 1/32” thick battens glued onto them. The diameter of the spars, including the battens, is 5/16” and 1/4” for the lower and topmast spars respectively, including the battens. Not counting the battens, those two spars should be smaller than specified in the instructions; they should be 1/4” and 3/16” respectively if made consistent with the plans. The battens are mentioned nowhere in the text of the instructions (but they do appear in one of the pictures). Did the author of the instructions assume that octagon midsections would be sufficient without battens and the preparer of the plans feel differently? Who knows. In fact all of the dowels are too large, if we assume the plans are correct. Here is what I am using: Royal: 3/32” instead of 1/8” Topgallant: 1/8” instead of 5/32” Topsail: 3/16” instead of 1/4” Lower: 1/4” instead of 5/16” Having gotten that all straightened out, I decided that I would build the royal yard first, as the yards get more complex the closer they are to the deck. Three things I will do differently next time. First, I will glue the so-called “tye cleat” on after drilling all the holes, as it broke off twice while drilling. Second, I will drill all the holes before gluing anything into any of them. And third, I will try to avoid falling asleep before finishing this tedious line of drilled holes. Or I assume that is what happened when I drilled the last three of them, as can be seen below. 😀 Or maybe the graph paper I was using for spacing and to keep things in line slipped. ********* In any event, fortunately the eyebolts were only dry fit into the holes when that picture was taken and I was able to take some corrective action. Also, the instructions have you string wire through the eyebolts to finish the jackstay, but I think thread looks just as good and is a lot easier to work with. In the category of making things easier . . . I spaced these holes 1/4” apart, matching the graph paper and resulting in fewer eyebolts to install. The instructions would space them at 5/32” on this yard and the topgallant, and 3/16” on the topsail and lower yards. Perhaps the most challenging part of this yard is the foot ropes, which need to hang naturally as rope would but thread doesn’t. I first tried soaking, stretching and drying the thread, but while that was somewhat successful, it didn’t take all the kinks out, and sometimes it simply wouldn't hang the way I wanted it to. The approach suggested in the instructions is to dip the thread in diluted white glue, let it dry, then install it and bend it to the desired shape. That worked! Or at least with some effort it did. The little 1” clothes pins I just bought were a big help. In the picture below I simply led the thread through the eyebolt, but when rigging the other side, I put a clove hitch there, which was very helpful. I referred to the “so called' tye cleat since I haven’t seen that term used anywhere else. On my Niagara build, Model Shipways uses the terms “batten” or “yoke”, the latter being the most descriptive to me. Whatever it’s called, I drilled a hole through it and part way into the yard, and I glued a thin wire pin in, to more securely attach it to the mast, in which I drilled a similar hole. The eyebolts in the yoke are for securing the parrel, which wraps around the mast. Finally, the royal yard dry fit onto the mast. I think I should have added at least one more eyebolt to each end of the jackstay. That stray thread up there is the top of the monkey rope, which I will cut off once I have added two more blocks to the mast there.

Thanks for the kind words Bob. I enjoy reading your comments prolifically scattered all over these boards, and I look forward to progress on your current builds. Thanks for the tip Johnny. I spent several years in the Boy Scouts and was an avid sailor for at least the first two decades of young adulthood, but I don't recall coming across the cow hitch. I'll give it a try.

A quick update on ratlines. It’s tedious as I expected, but if you get into a certain rhythm, it can go pretty quickly. I’m doing two or three pairs a day, while I work on the yards. While wandering around these forums recently I came across a link to the following youTube video, which I found to be very helpful. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMmGFWJhi8E Three things I've been doing a bit differently than shown on the video. First, I found some ¼” square graph paper lying around the house, and I put a piece of that behind these shrouds rather than plain white paper. Recall that the topgallant and royal shrouds are right behind these shrouds, and I was hoping the fit would be tight enough that the graph paper would stay in place. It wasn’t, and the paper frequently slipped (the black line being where a sheerpole is to be installed. Second, instead of using a hook to pull the thread through to the front, I use tweezers. I fear that getting the hook far enough back there might damage the shrouds. Third, instead of tying an overhand knot on one of the end shrouds (left one in the case of the video), I tie an overhand knot on the middle shroud and work my way outward in both directions. That way if I later discover that I didn’t get the clove hitch on the next shroud quite tight enough (or otherwise screw it up), then I only have potentially 2 clove hitches to redo instead of 4. In addition to graph paper aiding immensely in getting the ratlines lined up close to correctly, looking at it up close has the added “benefit” of disclosing such things as deadeyes not in line and lashed double shrouds not ending at a consistent height (see above and below). I found that these ratlines are at an awkward height, a little too high to sit comfortably at my work bench and a little too low to work comfortably standing up. The solution was to place the model on a chair. Finally, I came across something on Amazon that may be a solution I’ve been looking for for a long time: 1 inch long mini clothespins. They arrived in the mail yesterday. There are many times when I want to temporarily clip something to a shroud or hang just a little bit of weight on the end of a piece of rigging, but conventional mini clamps are too heavy and distort the rigging I’m working on. These things are so light you can move them around a table by gently blowing on them. Just what I needed to secure the graph paper to the shrouds.

Shrouds . . . topmast, topgallant and royal. I’ve been busy building, not taking very many pictures, and not writing at all. So I’m a little behind with this blog. First, a couple of general comments about these upper shrouds. I have not served any of the shrouds. I do not have a serving machine, and while I would be willing to purchase one if I really wanted to, I’m concerned that serving would make the shrouds very difficult to work with, and would add a detail all but the most discerning eyes would never notice or appreciate. In other words, not worth the effort. Feel free to disagree and show me the error of my ways. The instructions have you use the same thread for the lower and topmast shrouds, but it seems to me that the shrouds should decrease in diameter the higher up the mast they are. The following screenshot from the Google tour makes it clear that the topmast shrouds are noticeably thinner than the lower shrouds. Also, on the real ship, no need having any more weight than you need up there. I used the kit supplied .040” thread for the lower shrouds, and I think I used kit supplied .020” thread for the topgallant and royal shrouds, but I found something in between for the topmast shrouds. That thread, left over from some other build, was extremely stiff, and although I soaked it two or three times and hung it weighted to dry, it proved difficult to work with. Worth the effort though. As mentioned previously, I rigged the topmast shrouds before stepping the topgallant mast. That way I could do the following: I seized a deadeye onto one end of the shroud, lashed it to the corresponding deadeye in the fighting top, ran the shroud up and around the top of the topmast, back down to toward the fighting top, and tightly tied a thinner piece of thread around it right where I wanted the adjacent deadeye to be. I then unwrapped it from the mast and brought it all down to earth where I could easily seize on that second deadeye. The first photo below shows that, but it’s not a very good picture and you have to look at it pretty closely to see what I mean. What I just said applies to the four aftmost shrouds on each side. The forward shroud on each side goes up and around the mast, but back down the opposite side of the ship to be the forward shroud on the other side. Same approach though in undoing it all after marking where I wanted the deadeye to be on the second side. Too much text . . . time for a couple of pictures. Next challenge was installing short (½” long) futtock staves even with the bottom of the topmast cheeks. These are not only seized to the topmast shrouds, but each is prevented from being pulled outward by a catharpin; that is, a piece of rigging seized to one end of the stave, wrapped around the topmast and seized to the other end of the stave. These are needed because the topgallant and royal shrouds will run up the inside of the topmast shrouds, run inside and above the futtock staves, then run up and out to the topgallant crosstrees as futtock shrouds, before running further up to their endpoints on the topgallant mast. I found it easier to seize these catharpins to the futtock staves first, then seize the staves to the topmast shrouds. With the topmast shrouds completed, I installed the topgallant mast.With all the masts now in place, I installed the Jacob’s ladder, which was pretty straightforward. Except that the top of the ladder has a built in twist, and I haven’t figured out how to straighten it (pictures taken out of order, after rigging the upper shrouds). A photo in the instructions numbers the eyebolts in the fighting top just behind the topmast shroud deadeyes, 1 through 5 aft to forward. As described in my prior post, I seized lengthy pieces of thread to hooks that I attached to eyebolts 2, 3 and 4. Number 4 was rigged first, and that one ran up and around the futtock stave, through the hole in the middle topmast cross tree, and up to the topgallant mast just above its crosstrees where it was seized in place. Number three ran a similar course, but it went around the topmast and back down, through the hole in the forward topmast cross tree, and after passing behind the futtock stave, down to a hook to be attached to unoccupied eyebolt 5. The thread attached to eyebolt 3 did the same thing except after passing through the notch in the middle topmast cross tree, it passed through holes in the topgallant crosstrees, before wrapping around the topgallant mast at the shoulder, then took the same long route back down, where it eventually hooked into eyebolt 1. Except when I forgot to run it behind the futtock stave on the way down, a potentially costly mistake I noticed (fortunately) just before applying glue to the hook seizing at eyebolt 1. In each case where a shroud wrapped around the mast and headed back down, I seized the two parts of the shroud at the mast. Perhaps not necessary in the case of the topgallant shrouds but certainly necessary in the case of the royal shrouds. These royal shrouds also secure the top end of the monkey rope in place. Three blocks will eventually be seized to the mast at this location, giving additional security to the top end of the monkey rope, and this end of the rope will not be clipped off until those blocks are in place. Now several pictures, somewhat random order. Next will be sheerpoles seized to the bottoms of the topmast shrouds, and then there is something else. . . oh yes, ratlines!