Ab Hoving

What follows here is just an experiment. Although the process of rigging a ship model becomes more and more a problem for me as a result of my fading eye-sight and shaky hands, my urge to keep on building models has not in the least disappeared. So I went looking for 17th century ship types where no or almost no rigging was involved. After several try-outs with one-masted vessels with comparatively simple riggings my eye fell on the glorious models with which the English shipbuilders tried to seduce the king to commission them to build the full-size ship, the so-called Admiralty or Navy Board dockyard models. These models were usually not rigged at all, but they were lavishly decorated and showed much of their interior and construction. As a result they belong to the most beautiful and intriguing models man has ever made. In my bookcase Gilbert McArdle's book: Building a Navy Board Model of HMS Sussex 1693, (published by SeawatchBooks in 2010) holds a prominent place. The book was written during and after McArdle built a flawless copy of the third rate Sussex model in the collection of the US Naval Academy Museum in Anapolis, Maryland. The book contains, apart from the heavily illustrated building report, also a pile of excellent drawings of the original model, containing not only the body plan, elevation plan, top views with decks, sections and various bulkheads, but also every one of the 70 frames in the model has been drawn, both in 1/48 and in 1/96 scale. Building a paper model of a Navy Board model that still shows some of the beauty of its original example surely is a first grade challenge. Not only the method of building, but also the choice of card is crucial. As a coincidence a colleague at the Rijksmuseum, who knew I am always on the look-out for suitable sorts of card for my shipbuilding activities, collected a pile of beautiful left-over cardboard sheets, used for making pass-partouts for drawings, prints, photographs and whatever belongs to the RM Prentencabinet's collection. I think it is called ivory card. It is made out of textile fibers, has a soft-white color and comes in various thicknesses. My collegue was kind enough to provide me with a lot of 0.5, 1.1, 1.8 and 2.4 mm thick material. As we all know card has, like every material, apart from a large number of advantages, also some limitations, one of which is that it usually can not be sanded. It will become fluffy and all the sharp edges will disappear. But sanding is precisely what you need when building a dockyard model if you want to show all the open frames in a convincing way. So I made a test piece, consisting of 24 layers (12 midschip frames) of 1.8 mm card and exactly as expected, sanding appeared to be a necessity, even if the cutting was done as precise as possible. I sanded and filed the blok and it appeared that sanding the sides of the card was no problem as long as all layers were as closely pressed to each other as possible, thus avoiding the chance to mess up. Scanning my card stock I calculated that if I chose the 1.8 mm thickness ivory card for the frames, I would end up with a 30 cm long model, which was about the maximum size I wanted. The scale would then be about 1/200, for me a most unusual number, because all my paper models so far were on a 1/77 scale. As every frame consisted of two layers of card, no less than 140 frames had to be cut to shape the hull. Now it was time to design a strategy. The block I made as a test clearly showed that at this scale making a hull out of complete card frames, like in full model size, was not possible because the tops of the frames would end up too narrow to supply any strength and rigidity to survive the rest of the build, leave alone the expectation of a reasonable life span. So I divided the hull into two horizontal parts, separated by the lower deck, which was, like the frames, cut from 1.8 mm card. Below the deck I vertically divided the hull into two parts, a left and a right one. In separate temporary mountings quarters of frames were to be fitted until both halves were filled with frames, only partly glued together. Indeed it appeared to be possible to sand and file these blocks into shape, almost as if they were made out of wood. The part above the lower deck was easy to cut. Both the ship's sides were made out of 0,5 mm card, copied from the side view on McArdles draught. I cut the port holes, shaped the sides by hand into an S-shaped curve as much as possible, provided them with wales, channels and stairs, laid the basic provisions for the decorations, planked them with latex strips and painted them. Though the lower deck was draughted in the book, the upper deck could not precisely be copied from the drawings. I'm afraid I made it too wide, which had a clear effect on the width of the ship between the bulwarks. The model is too wide on top. It belongs to this style of modeling to show open decks like can be seen in the original model, but the lower deck of my model will be closed, because I need the strength of the 2.4 thick lower deck for the overall rigidity of the model. Besides, practically nothing of it will be visible in the end result. The deck clamps on the inside of the ship's sides were glued in to fit both the decks on the correct height. The masts could provide sufficient orientation and enough stability to get everything temporarily in place. Then keel, stem and stern were cut from 1.8 mm card and the whole upper works could carefully be glued together. In the mean time the frames-block below deck were completed, and sanded into shape. After precisely marking the locations of the interruptions between the frame parts, all frames were separated to cut the inside to shape, taking care that the horizontal top sides were maintained to be glued to the underside of the lower deck in order to get everything back in place. Even the sanded block had to be sanded again after all frames were glued in place, but no real problems showed up. It went better than I expected. The next problem to be solved was the lining of the openings between the frames. However precise I tried to be, small deviations from the markings showed up and had to be filed to keep the lines fair. Therefore I modified an old lock file in a way that the thickness was diminished to 1.5 mm and the narrow sides still held their filing profile. A drop of AC glue brought the necessary sharpness back to the joints. A real problem is painting the model. I like to build models of ships that are, lets say, halfway or at the end of their career, so wear and tear show up. Therefore I use plastic strips with wood imprint (c-d-fix) for planking and treat it with Humbrol 63 and Van Dijks brown, which produces a nice 'used' look. But a dockyard model does not represent an old ship. On the contrary, the model should look like an ornament, a thing of beauty, adorned with as much golden carvings as possible. I had to invent another way of painting. On top of that I was stupid enough to forget to spray the plastic planking with primer before I hastily painted it, which caused the paint to wear off as soon as it is touched. I had to remove the paint as much as possible and invent another color to meet the demands. Special attention had to be given to the stand of the model. Normally I make a very simple card stand, because it serves no other function than to keep the model up right. In this case the model was presented to the king as a thing of beauty and the stand had to meet the same purpose. So I kneaded some dolphins supporting the lower hull with their tails on both sides and gilded them. Inside was a brass tube and a fitting piece of brass wire made the connection. The first couple I made appeared to be too big, so I made a second pair, with a slightly better result. We'll see where this ends. I'll keep you posted.

I will certainly come and have a look. Won't show my own efforts this time, just curious what beauties will be presented by you and the other participants.

I love this thread. I think it is great how you advance step by step, tearing off what appears to be wrong, getting forward, literally by touch. This is how a reconstruction project should be done. Chapeau Patrick!

Great work Ondras. Both your patience and your techniques are miraculous.

I can assure you, having personally witnessed the careful way the ship was built, that after the yard has left the premises at the end of this summer, not a trace of plastic waste will be left there. Ter Velde is a most conscientious man.

There is a series of short picture taken during construction of the vessel. Try this one: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoM7AwBpef06reSlvJj-s4g

It seems a nice addition to this thread to present the launch of a full size pleasure vessel after Witsen's data, built in the shell-first way, not out of wood, but out of waste plastic. The builder, Edwin ter Velde, has three aims: prove that used plastic is good material to be re-used, get people 'with a distance to the labor market' back to the production process and do research into original Dutch building methods. He started off (after an adventure with a vehicle he constructed out of waste plastic, driving around on the Antarctic ice bed without other fuel than solar electricity) with small sloops, is finishing Witsen's pleasure vessel now and plans to build a full-size fluit (100 feet) next year in the city of Zaandam, North of Amsterdam. VID-20250708-WA0001.mp4 Visit his site: https://www.clean2a.com

Splendid work. Chapeau!

I don't think the length of the spreader yard is much of a problem. It is carried by the topsail. The pendant which is attached to the spreader yard is so long that it hangs loosely when the sail is in use. It only carries the yard if the sail is not hoisted. If you would consider to make another topsail (which would add to the atmosphere of the model, but is of course not necessary) you would see that the 'hollow' lower side of the sail goes much higher up, to avoid chafing with the halliard of the jib. With a yard hanging as low as on the model, very little of the surface of the sail remains.

To end this thread here Emiel's display of 'an English seascape' Thank you for your attention.

You did well on this model. But I have some small remarks on the side on this topsail if you allow me: The sheave of the halliard was placed inside the topmast and was situated much higher up, which caused the topsail to be much longer. And I miss the 8-shaped iron brace that kept the topyard close to the topmast. It was loosely situated around the topmast and stayed up, even if the sail was hauled down on deck: I hope this sketch clarifies it.

sorry for not replying your question. I just stumbled into this thread. It is correct that if there is no need to climb the mast, ratlines were omitted. On the other hand, I have seen lots of statenjacht models having them. I think that is a misconception, caused by the English yachts. For some unclear reason the English used lifts, sheets and braces for their topsail. In Holland the tradition was that the topsail was carried 'flying', which means that it was hauled on deck if not in use. The lower corners of the sail carried blocks, through which ropes ran, attached to the tips of the lower yard. They served as braces and sheets at the same time. Lifts were not necessary. The lower yard was carried by the topsail. If it was not in use, the yard was stowed upright against the mast, carried by a pendant, long enough to bring the lower tip of the yard within reach from the deck. Thus ratlines were not necessary. But of course it's your choice to apply them.

Thank you for all the likes. Many thanks for @Baker, @druxey, @wefalck, @GrandpaPhil, @ccoyle and @Michael Mash for their positive response. Too much honor. @wefalck: the crew was made by my friend Herbert Tomesen's company, which is specializing nowadays in making all sorts of human figures, using 3D photography. The firm hires re-enactment groups of people who are dressed in the appropriate clothing and can be delivered in any wanted pose or stand. Usually the scale is 1/87 (HO), but 1/72, 1/120, 1/160 and 1/220 are also available. For me he simply prints them at my 1/77 scale, but I am not sure he can do that for everyone... This is his site, the artwork is done by my son Emiel: https://www.artitecshop.com/nl/figuren/

I finished the yacht last month. Here is the result: The model is exhibited below the drawing hanging on the wall in my living room: Emiel tried to match the pictures he took with the drawing. It looks as if I was not far off: Once he is finished with his photoshop painting I will present the result.

Thanks to all the people who liked the model and especially of course to @flying_dutchman2, @Michael Mash, @dvm27 and @druxey for their comforting words. Much appreciated. Druxey: The funny thing about the rigging is that Charles II was transported from Breda to Scheveningen in a group of several yachts with spritsail rigging. The Mary, which that was sent to him as a present from the Dutch however sported a standing gaff rigging. From what I saw on pictures the English type of this rig differed from the Dutch in for instance the topsail, having no braces and lifts. It was just a flying sail, only having blocks at the lower tips, through which ropes from the lower yard were led and sometimes, but not always bowlines leading to end of the bowsprit. The sail was stored on deck until it was needed and hoisted with a halliard that ran through a sheave in the top of the mast and through a loose 8-shaped shackle around the top. The lower yard was stowed upright against the mast if not in use. In that case it hangs on a long pendant. The fact that this square rigged sail was handled on deck was the reason why Dutch yachts did not have ratlines on the shrouds. There were more differences about which perhaps another time...