popeye2sea

I think those marks are intended to represent the extra planking put on as a sort of fender or rub strake for the anchors. I know they have a name but I do not recall what they are called. Regards, P.S. I just remembered......Anchor Lining. And the Heller instructions call for painting the area forward of those lines black. Regards,

Lowering the yards for reefing or shortening sail is a totally different animal than striking the entire yard or setting a sail flying by bending the sail to its yard on deck and hoisting the entire yard aloft from the deck or the top. Sending the entire yard down was usually reserved for upper yards only (topgallants and above). Topsail yards being far too heavy to allow this procedure. Reefing or shortening sail by lowering the yard along its mast is a holdover from the days before reef points and foot ropes. Under the older method to shorten sail you lower the yard and then unlace the bonnet from the bottom of the sail. With the newer method the reef band is pulled up to the yard and gathered under the yard. This is the direct cause for foot ropes coming into use and also is the reason the lower yards (courses) were no longer lowered at all and remain at a fixed height. There are also the additional benefits of reducing top hamper and easier access by the crew as mentioned by others above. Regards,

Fashion a loop at the top that will accept a toggle and splice in a toggle an inch or so below the flag and you have an authentic flag ready to be bent on to your halyard. Well done. Regards,

Yes, just a standard #11 blade. I was very careful to start by lightly scoring along the cut line and then gradually deepen the cut with repeated passes. Regards,

Adding another layer... to get "pooped" meant to take a following sea over the stern. Regards,

Pay no attention to the electric wiring, light fixtures, and fire suppression plumbing. 😃 That was a fun day. I was topside teaching them how to shoot muskets. Regards,

Basically, I took the cut out inserts and thinned them from the back so they would not project out too much and then mounted them on a sheet of styrene stock that is shaped to fit between the wales. The upper one is also shaped to fit around the gun port molding. I filled the gaps between the figures with additional strip styrene to make them all flush with each other. Then I shaped and fitted a floor between the bulwark and the quarter gallery. I cut a small rebate on the back of each forward pillar on the quarter gallery to fit over the new inserts, then puttied all the crevices and painted. The slight difference in the apparent thickness of the bulkheads is barely noticeable because the transition is hidden behind the pillars and up against the rearmost 3rd battery gun port molding. Regards,

The crew mostly ate a stew made from salt beef or salt pork or salt cod and dried peas. This was boiled in the coppers behind the stove pipe (those lids on top of the stove). It was usually only the officers who got something roasted in the front of the stove. The ships biscuit or hard tack, which if you have ever tried it is too hard to bite, would have been broken into pieces and soaked in their stew to soften it up for eating. It was pretty much the same food every day for the crew. The officers were also privileged to get various boiled puddings made from the roasting pan drippings, suet and raisins, etc. Regards,

ventre-de-biche is French for belly of the doe. He is referring to the tan color of the sides. Regards,

In the 1795 flag act the two extra stars and stripes were added for Kentucky and Vermont. Tennessee (1796) and Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) entered as states, however no new flag act was established. Various unofficial flags were flown with the additional stars and stripes. The United States flag was fifteen stars and stripes throughout the war of 1812. In 1818 Congress decreed that one star would be added for each state on the 4th of July following statehood, and there was to be thirteen stripes to represent the 13 original states. There was no standard pattern for the arrangement of the stars until 1912. Regards,

The kit does not have chains. They instruct you to install eye bolts into the hull and connect the deadeye strops to the eyebolts with string. That is why I made my own chains. Regards,

I made my own iron strops and chains for the deadeyes from wire that I soldered and blackened. Regards,

Round deadeyes are the way to go. I am using 3,4,5 and 6mm deadeyes from Syren. Regards,

Looking forward to it. Regards,

A cannon that broke loose on a lower deck. I would hate to be the sailors on that deck with a loose 3 ton cannon careening across the deck every time she rolls. Regards,

Also called transom windows. Good for improving airflow within the building. The warm air near the ceiling is able to escape. Regards,

There is no set position. The trim of the sail would be determined by conditions of the moment. ie. direction of the wind, wind speed, position of the rudder, etc. It would be analogous to flying a plane. You get the plane going at the correct pitch angle then you set the trim tabs (your ships mizzen) to relieve back pressure on the control stick or yoke (your ships helm). It is a constant or at least frequent adjustment. Regards,

Lateen mizzen sails, drivers, spankers, etc. are all what are known as steering sails. They work by increasing or decreasing pressure on the after part of the rig. This in turn helps to keep the ship pointing into the wind in the right direction. By hauling in the sheet (bringing the sail closer to the centerline, you increase the pressure on the aft part of the rig which will pushes the stern more downwind and the bow up further into the wind. The fore sails and jibs work in the same manner but in the opposite direction, helping to push the bow off the wind. So the answer to your question is. Set it however you find looks pleasing to you. It is more than likely to have been put in any position and adjusted depending on steering orders and fine tuning of the sail trim. Regards,

Are we speaking of a square mizzen or a fore and aft or lateen mizzen? Regards,

That I can not tell you. Your instructions must have a belaying plan somewhere. The beakhead is the small deck or grating that extends from the bow of the ship under the bowsprit to the stem of the ship. Some ships there is a fife rail situated on that deck. Other times there might be a fife rail on the forecastle. Or the lines might belay directly to the rail of beakhead bulkhead (the forward rail of the forecastle). Regards,

What Marc said!!! But one additional item that I would add is to be careful with the entire stern balconies assembly. The parts do not have any tabs or notches to align them so they just butt together, Getting everything in place and even from port to starboard can be difficult. Regards,

This is one confusing drawing. We are looking at the starboard side profile of the mast. But the yards are depicted as swung completely around fore and aft on the starboard side of the mast so we are looking at he forward side of the port yardarm. On the lower yard, the sheet, tack and clew garnet for the course (lower sail) are depicted as I had described hanging below the yard near the mast. Where this arrangement of blocks ends up hanging is completely determined by where the clew line and the clew line block are seized to the yard. Depending on the era of the vessel the position of the clew block varied from 1/3 to 1/2 or more out from the center of the yard. The positioning of the clew line had to do with the way that the sails were furled which changed over the years. That block suspended approximately level with them on what looks like a pendant seized at the yard arm appears to be a yard tackle with an additional tricing line attached at the block. Regards, Of course, after rereading your question I see that you are referring to the topsail sheet and clew garnet.🙄 I think that whatever point the block was suspended at would be determined by the sailing master. My personal opinion is that since the topsail gear was attached to the sail by men in the top when the sail was being bent on that they would want these lines handy near the top to accomplish this without delay or unnecessary additional work.

A harbor furl is basically a tighter, more compact rolling up of the sail on top of the yard. The last fold of the canvas is stretched like a skin over the top of the sail bundle. The gaskets used to hold the sail to the yard are longer and put on more securely. I think also that the clews of the sail are also tucked in to the sail bundle as opposed to leaving those corners hanging out with the rigging attached. The purpose of all this is to keep as much water out of the sail bundle as possible so that the sail does not rot while the ship is going to be in harbor for a while and the sail is to stay on the yard. Regards,

I do not take a stance on sails or no. On the one hand, a sailing ship is missing something when there are no sails. On the other hand, for a scale model, it is very difficult to get sails to look right or to scale. Furled sails can make a good compromise. I have done all my previous models with full sails. One even included all of the studding sails. It is a very impressive sight, but the sails do obscure much of the ship. My current build will have a combination of furled and set sails. She will be depicted as cleared for action with cannons run out on one side, close hauled under battle sail. Do whatever you feel works for you. It's your model. Just an side note. You have mentioned several times in your previous posts something about removing or detaching the clews from the sails. The clew of the sail is physically part of the sail. It can not be detached. I think I understand what you are referring to though is removing the rigging (sheets, clew garnet blocks, tacks) from the clew. Yes? Regards,

I don't mind answering your questions at all, Bill. Happy to help 1. The tack for the lower sails (courses) can either run single or double. For some ships the tack is just a single line coming from the sail and leading forward and down to the deck. For other ships, typically larger vessels where the course is a very large sail the tack runs double. Meaning there is a block at the clew of the sail. This is what is shown in your rigging plan. One part of the tack, called the standing part, will be seized to a ring bolt somewhere on the bulwarks of the ship. The other part, called the working or running part, after running through the block at the clew will belay on deck somewhere. 2. Depending on if the sail is to be set relatively soon or not would determine if the sheet, tack, and clew line were removed from the clew of the sail when furling. It is possible to furl the sail and leave the clews hanging out from the sail bundle a bit with all the rigging still attached. This would make it expedient to let fly and set sail at a moments notice. If the ship was, say, to be in harbor for a long period, the crew would harbor furl or completely un-bend the sail from the yard and remove all the associated rigging. At this point they could attach the sheet, clew line and tack together and suspend them from the clew line block like the diagrams, or they could un-reeve and strike below the sheet and tack and just haul the clew line block up to the yard. One additional point that may be instructive. When a lower course was to be bent on to it's yard, the clew lines, bunt lines, leech lines, etc. were overhauled and brought down till they reached the deck. All of the gear/lines were attached on deck, and then the sail was hoisted aloft to the yard by a sail tackle, it's bunt lines, leech lines, and reef tackles. 3. Yes, for the upper sails (topsail, topgallant, royal, etc.) there is no sheet block at the clew of the sail. The sheet is toggled or bent on to the clew of it's sail then in the case of the topgallants and royals it reeves down through a sheeve at the yard arm. For the topsail you have that sheet block that is sistered to the lift block. In all cases the sheet then passes along underneath the yard and through a leading block near the mast and then down towards the deck. Now, that is not to say that there was no tackle involved. Particularly for larger sails like topsails there was frequently a tackle employed between that leading block and the deck. Regards,