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Louie da fly

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  1. Louie da fly
    Thanks, but no need. I agree with you about the method of getting the halyard up to the sheave through the floor of the top - but Woodrat has made the point that a circular top around the mast would foul the lateen yard as it's moved from one side of the mast to the other, as the vessel tacks - see our exchange of 24 July in this build log. It's very likely the mosaic artist has got this wrong and that the top is mounted behind the mast, in which case the halyard would be handled differently. See illustration No. 1 below (my thanks to Woodrat for this one) for the likely configuration. Probably the mosaic artist saw and misinterpreted something like this (1332-34, St Nicholas' Miracle of grain ships by Ambrogio_Lorenzetti. Uffizi gallery, Florence), but probably without the metal rings around the top. On late mediaeval and renaissance lateeners there was a removable piece called a calcet that was mounted - usually with a scarph joint, as you suggest - on top of the mast, to take the sheaves of the halyard. There's a good example in Woodrat's "Venetian Round Ship" build. But the earliest pictorial evidence we have of calcets in the Western Mediterranean is from about 1300, 150 years after this ship, which made me consider the possibility of incorporating the sheaves within the mast itself, particularly with this picture (from the Church of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, Pavia, 1362 C.E. ) as a guide. On the other hand, the Ma‘agan Mikhael B wreck of 648 - 740 C.E., a 25 metre merchantman found just off the coast of Israel, had a fully preserved calcet. So perhaps I should be going with a calcet after all - let's face it, the Mediterranean was a place of great cultural exchange throughout the centuries, and something as obviously useful is likely to have been - and remained - in widespread use. Steven
  2. Louie da fly
    You could be right, Mark. But we're completely in the dark at this distance in time. I've tried to find any and all miracles attributed to St Mark, and there are quite a few, but none relate to these loops. Now, on the surmise that (a) these uprights are extended frames rather than the tops of kevels (or more likely cleats, as in my understanding kevels were a relatively late development), and (b) they're belaying points, then they couldn't be used to belay the bottoms of the shrouds - being vertical, they'd just slip off again. So, if they are part of the rigging system, they must be used to belay the running, rather than the standing rigging. I incline to this view, though I have absolutely no real evidence to back this up. Unfortunately, there are absolutely no 12th century pictures that show how the shrouds or the running rigging are belayed - they just show lines coming down from the masthead and ending at the ship's side, and you're often lucky to get any running rigging at all. The earliest I've seen that show any detail of this kind at all are from the 13th century Cantigas de Santa Maria, from the reign of Alfonso the Wise of Castile (1252-85). The picture below is the best example, and and even this is pretty hard to make sense of. Apart from being at least 100 years too late, it's also from Spain, not Italy. The next earliest that shows any sort of rigging detail is an illustration from the legend of St Ursula in the Church of San Francis de Palma de Mallorca, from the 1st quarter of the 14th century- and again it's from Mallorca at the western end of the Mediterranean, under Spanish control. At least the rigging of this one makes some kind of sense - the lower shrouds end in blocks that are belayed to the hull - probably to the inner sides of the bulwarks, and the yards are controlled at their after ends by blocks. The fore ends aren't visible, but I'd guess they're each held by a pair of blocks, one belayed at each side of the ship, the weather one slack and the lee one hauled in. This will all be useful when it comes to rigging the ship further down the line, but it really doesn't solve the issue of exactly what those uprights are . . . Steven
  3. Louie da fly
    Well, yes. This is one of the reasons I put this issue up for discussion. On the other hand, the Venetian mosaicists were working within the tradition inherited from Byzantium, in which religious motifs and figures seem to have pearls added wherever possible. See the figure below, one of a series of military saints in a fresco in Kapadokya, in what is now Turkey but was then the heartland of the Byzantine Empire. A close-up shows this armoured figure has what appear to be pearls all over his outfit - most impractical in combat! So it's possible these are ropes converted to pearls as added decoration, rather than something in the real world. This perhaps ties in with Knocklouder's suggestion, or perhaps not. But my other concern is that as Banyan has pointed out, they're just loops, apparently not connected to anything in particular. Plus the fact that they're draped on the outside of the hull, not on the inside of the bulwarks as we would expect if they were rigging ropes tied off. Thanks for the suggestions so far. If anyone else has any possible explanations, I'd be happy to hear them. Steven
  4. Louie da fly
    I have a bit of a quandary. Most of the mosaics show uprights extending up above the gunwales. They appear to be frames that haven't been cut off flush with the gunwale, and there are what appear to be rope loops (unless they're string of pearls - anything's possible in a religious mosaic!) hanging from most of them. I'm assuming they're belaying points. Do the members agree with my interpretation, or are there any other possibilities that come to mind? Steven PS: I've just noticed that the last picture shows three (three - count them!) anchors at the bow of the ship - and that's just on the starboard side! This makes sense. As I discovered researching my dromon build, anchors made by hand by a blacksmith on a forge were pretty limited in size and therefore in weight. You'd need quite a few - the 11th century Serçe Limani Shipwreck had 8 of them, of which 3 were reportedly bower anchors.
  5. Louie da fly
    I decided it was time to add the gunwales. They add to the strength of the hull, tie down the upper edges of the frames, and also define the shape of the vessel itself. The biits of wood I'd cut them from weren't long enough to stretch the full length of the hull, but that turned out to be a good thing, as the gunwale kicks up quite a bit at the bow, and it's easier to make that piece as a separate item. I discovered that one of the frames at the bow had come away from the breast hook, so it had to be glued back into position. This seems to be happening a lot. Here are the two gunwales seen end-on at the stern. And here are the end pieces of the gunwale to go at the bow. And the larboard one glued and clamped in place. To overcome the problem with frames coming away from the clamps, I started drilling holes and inserting treenails at intervals. I'm hoping I don't have to do this with all the frames, but if it's needed I will. Here's a hole drilled joining frame with gunwale. I began with bamboo toothpicks when I was pinning the frames to the keel, but once I got to the gunwales I changed to walnut to match the rest of the ship - I don't want my treenails to be obvious - I don't believe they were visible in the real world (though it's not all that important - the ship's going to be painted black anyway, to make it look like it's tarred.) If you look carefully you can see the treenails (not yet trimmed flush with the gunwale) Once I'd faired the frames I discovered I'd been a bit too enthusiastic with the disc sander in places, so I had to add some filler to bring the frames back up to the right shape - fortunately not many times, Bow ready to receive the extension to the gunwale. Extensions in place. They line up nicely. I'm quite happy with their consistency - I think I'm getting better at bending. Joins between the gunwales and the extensions - I'm getting better at scarph joints, too. More to come in due course. Steven
  6. Louie da fly
    Very nice. Work. I'm enjoying following this one. Steven
  7. Louie da fly
    A-a-a-and - the hull is off the jig. I ended up having to pull the jig apart to get the ship out, but worth it. Then I had to do some correction. The pegs are gluing into the correct position some frames that were angled incorrectly (not perpendicular to the keel). Then onto making stringers to make the structure more rigid, and deck beams. Here's my poor man's plank bender (a cheap soldering iron) to get them the right shape. And here are the first bits of deck beam - or are they stringers? I've sort of lost track. (one of them is to be cut up to provide pieces of stringer for the bow or stern, which explains the complex curve). Gluing complete - here she is without the pegs. Adding stringers at the turn of the bilge. There'll be corresponding wales on the outside of the hull, and there'll be strengthening stringers and wales where the second and third futtocks join, and a wale in line with the clamp. The mosaics seem to show a reasonable number of wales, as do the near-contemporary picture from the History of Genoa and the carvings on the Leaning Tower of Pisa. View from the bow. I'd miscalculated the length of the clamps, so they didn't quite reach the breast hooks. Because they didn't meet the rigidity of the hull was lessened, so I glued bits of wood into the gaps to make each assembly effectively a single strong unit. Smoothing off the pieces that fill the gaps. Still some tidying up and smoothing off to do. They won't be visible under the deck, but I'll know if I don't do it right. And the stringers lined up with the join in the futtocks. They will be curved to follow the line of the join. Like this . . . And that's it for today . . . Steven
  8. Louie da fly
    I don't think so. Sounds like another one I have to watch. Steven
  9. Louie da fly
    That's a good point, Dick. Definitely food for thought - and considerable pondering. I've just scanned through all my mediaeval pics of lateeners, and only the San Marco and Leaning Tower representations show the top extending forward of the mast - in all the rest (the ones that do have tops), it's behind, except in two which I'm not terribly willing to take as Gospel. Could it be that the mosaic artists and the Pisa sculptors got it wrong? Perish the thought! In the meantime, I've shaped two of the masts and roughed out the other. I was thinking of recycling an unused mast I'd made for the nef but it wasn't quite long enough. I've drilled and pinned the bow and stern frames, glued the clamps in place and added the breasthooks. Steven
  10. Louie da fly
    Very nice work. Steven
  11. Louie da fly
    This is part One. Part Two deals with her retrieval and preservation. Steven
  12. Louie da fly
    I'm not doing a formal build log for the couta boat, but here are some photos of the model as of today. It was built up in layers and then sanded to shape with a belt sander. A lot of mistakes (it was the first time I'd used one of those things) but fortunately builders bog filled in where I'd sanded off too much, so she's looking pretty good now. I've also been working on a signal box for model railways (HO scale - 3.5mm to the foot), on 4he offchance that there are people out there who'd be prepared to pay for such things. It's taken from a real one in Ballarat and is still in progress, but it's going quite well. There'll be 'glazing' in the windows and the roof is removable so lights can be put inside. Steven
  13. Louie da fly
    Thanks, Pat. And thanks everyone for the likes, which I'm a bit behindhand in acknowledging. Now onto theory/research. I'm looking at the masts, in particular the interface between the tops and the calcet (halyard sheave assembly). All five mosaic panels show tops like this: which I have interpreted as being (in 3 dimensions) of this cylindrical shape (from the leaning tower of Pisa, begun in 1173, shortly after the mosaics). The question is - how does this top, right at the very extreme top of the mast, interact with the calcet (assuming there is one, which I think there must be). The from about 1300 shows the calcets (black in the picture) as joined to the top of the masts with what is effectively a scarph joint, to minimise the turning moment/shear force that would weaken the joint. Woodrat's Venetian Round Ship build shows it in practice. But of course, this configuration means that the top has to be one side of the mast, when the mosaic (and the Pisa bas-relief) show it around the mast. It seems to me that there would have been more than one way to have the halyard sheaves fitted to the mast, and that a removable calcet may be only one of them. Perhaps it is an integral part of the mast itself, as it seems to be in this picture (12th century, from the church of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, Pavia, Italy): and that the top may be built around it. This looks feasible to me - you'd just have to watch yourself not to trip over the halyard while you were standing in the top. And this one (1339, from the tomb of St Peter Martyr, church of Sant'Eustorgio Milan) appears to show the halyard going up through the floor of the top (granted that the top in this case is somewhat off-centre, it still appears to be around the mast). Also, the earliest clear representation of these offset calcets I've been able to find is in the Spanish Cantigas de Santa Maria from around 1250, up to 100 years after the mosaic (yes, I know absence of evidence isn't evidence of absence). At the moment I'm inclining to having the sheaves cut into the mast itself, probably just above the floor level of the top (that way the sheaves don't weaken the mast just below a point of load, and in the mosaics the mast seems to extend somewhat above the upper surface of the top), but I'd appreciate input and suggestions from other members. Steven
  14. Louie da fly
    A bit of an update. Still at the fiddly stage - I need to secure the frames so I can take the model out of the jig - at the moment they're held only at the keel. So I've been cutting and bending the clamps to take the deck beams. With clamps in place, the frames will be securely attached to the hull and connected to each other so they don't move. But first, the frames at bow and stern. These were mostly shaped by guesswork, and I was prepared to take them out again and re-think the shapes if needed. And I did on the last two at each end. This is a bamboo batten to see if the gunwale will work with the end frames. Clamps bent and the larboard one temporarily in place. Clamps bent to take the shape at bow and stern. The piece of wood wasn't quite long enough for the clamp to reach the whole length of the vessel. However, I'd forgotten I had to make breast hooks as well. And they will take the place of the clamps at both ends, so the clamps will be long enough after all. I also faired the inside of the end frames - it was easier than I'd expected, just using fairly fine sandpaper. But I forgot to take photos of them. (The frames for the rest of the hull really didn't need fairing on the inside because the curve was very gentle.) The breast hooks were made from a forked branch from a tree that died in the garden (an apricot, it was), so the grain followed the arms of the breast hook. There was quite a bit of trial and error getting them exactly the right shape to fit against the frames. But I must have done something wrong, because two of my first three attempts broke in half while I was working on them. I think I cut the fork at the wrong place. However, I finally made a couple that seem to be working ok. Here's the bow breast hook complete, and the stern one in progress. And I had to duplicate Woodrat's strategy in putting triangular section pieces between the floor timbers and the stem and stern posts to follow their curve, so I can drill through and fix them securely. Not sure if the photos really show it very well. They're pretty tiny. And finally, I've put in the filler blocks that create the slots for the mast steps. That's all for now. Steven
  15. Louie da fly
    Beautiful! Steven
  16. Louie da fly
    I think we've all been there. She's looking really good, mate. Steven
  17. Louie da fly
    That wonderful sleek race-galleon shape is now becoming evident. Looking good. Steven
  18. Louie da fly
    Any progress is a step forward. She's looking good. Steven
  19. Louie da fly
    Green match-heads??? What kind of devilry is this? Steven
  20. Louie da fly
    Very nice precise work at such a tiny scale, Glen. Steven PS: For those of us who don't live in the US, could you use something else than a coin to give an idea of scale? (I use matchsticks, which I think are pretty much a standard size - at least the ones that you get in a normal matchbox - all over the world).
  21. Louie da fly
    A few days late for this one, but I only just discovered it.
  22. Louie da fly
    Progress has been a bit slow. I've glued the bamboo 'pins"' into place to join the frames securely to the keel, and it has admittedly made quite a difference. Here's an example, to give you some idea of their size (it's the little thing just under the end of the steel rule). I decided to bite the bullet and make the bow and stern frames based upon the templates I'd cut out. I'll put one set in at the bow or stern and see if they work, if they are the right shape to continue the line of the frames. Only one set, in case it's a total disaster. Here's the first of them being glued together. And in place (far right-hand end). Just held with a dab of glue till I figure out whether I've got it right, so I can remove them if needed. I've also glued the keelson in, using push pins to make it conform to the curve of the keel. It's held centrally by the side pieces of the mast steps - they are only dry fitted at the moment; I had to trim the knees supporting the sides of the mast steps so the openings lined up and the side pieces would fit in place. I think I still need to tweak them a bit more. More to come fairly soon, if all goes well. Steven
  23. Louie da fly
    A very wise decision (don't ask me how I know). There were quite a few of them IIRC. They were from Carthaginian ships sunk in a battle with a Roman fleet - see https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2021/09/03/two-bronze-warship-rams-discovered-at-the-battle-of-the-aegates-site/ Steven
  24. Louie da fly
    Welcome to serious ship modelling! I used to have as my motto "It's not a model ship unless you've bled on it". Steven
  25. Louie da fly
    I just call it a tail. It's probably got a correct name, but I've never been able to find out what it is. You've done a nice job of it, but I think the ends need to be slightly curved upwards (assuming that's practical at this scale and not just nit-picking). Looking forward to the ram. There's quite a bit of archaeology available on these - available on a google image search, plus here: Steven

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