wefalck

Ship’s Boats While I was waiting for the wire for the chain-rails to arrive, I turned my attention to the ship’s boats. At that time there were four, two class IV cutters, a gig, and a joll-boat. In 1:160 they are all less than 50 mm long and 10 mm wide. Thanks to some research of various colleagues in Germany, we have reasonably good information on these boats, including lines and their constructional arrangement. In addition, there has been a text-book on boat construction, published since 1878 with updates every few years until 1929, which gives quite a few details on the naval boats. I don’t quite feel like building four boats with all their internal constructional and fitting-out details, so I decided to show three of them covered, ready for the sea, while the small joll-boat will be shown ready for launching in an emergency, as it was custom. I don’t actually know, whether this boat or one of the cutters was used for the purpose, but assumed that the smaller boat would be easier to get into the water in a hurry, say in case of man-over-board. An additional challenge is that these boats were clinker-built. I once built a clinker-dinghy in 1:60, which was only 50 mm long, but it was much wider and deeper and with wider strakes. These boats typically have ten strakes on each side. I picked the long, but narrow and shallow gig first. I had a body plan available, drawn by a colleague some years ago. In addition, the text-book (BRIX, 1883) provides constructional details. The text indicates the dimension of the various parts. Drawing of gig from Brix (1883) I decided on an overhead plank-on-bulkhead (POB) construction, which in a way seemed easier than trying to carve the hull with its hollow lines aft from a solid piece of wood using templates. The individual framing stations were taken from the body plan and drawn with additional material on the top in order to arrive at a common reference plane for overhead construction. The bulkhead were laid out for laser-cutting from Canson-paper. Laser-cut bulkheads and keel-pieces A second drawing for laser-cutting contains another set of bulkhead and doubling pieces for the keel and stem, so that a rabbet for planking can be created. All pieces are doubled up after soaking in varnish to stiffen them. 2nd set of laser-cut bulkheads and doubling pieces for the keel and stem The pieces then were assembled as is tradition for POB-construction and mounted onto a piece of Canson-paper for extra stiffness. The whole assembly will then mounted in turn on a piece of wood to ease handling. So far so good, but planking will be challenge, as the individual planks will be less than a millimetre wide overall. In theory, they should be only 0.06 mm thick in 1:160 scale, but I will give it a try with the 0.15 mm thick Canson-paper and see what it will look like. If the planking looks to coarse, I will have to start all-over again … The assembled parts for the POB-construction Tapering such planks by hand would be too much of a challenge an not quite feasible in paper I think. However, my 2D-CAD program gives the length of the Bezier-curves used to draw the outline of the frames. So, I simply took this length, divided it by 10, divided the result by 4 and then multiplied it by 5, which gives the plank width at each station line assuming that they overlap by about a quarter of their width (according to the drawing in BRIX, 1883). The contours of the planks were drawn for laser-cutting with this information. A first run, was not so successful – I will have to optimise the cutting parameters. BRIX, A. (1883): Praktischer Schiffbau – Bootsbau.- 38 p. + 15 pl., Berlin (Hütte). To be continued ....

A whole model-project in itself 👏

Man-made fibres tend to be water-repellent or at least their wetting behaviour is not as good as natural fibres. That's why a solvent-based lacquer/varnish (including shellac) is a better option. Personally, I prefer what is zapon-varnish as used on silver- or brass-ware to prevent tarnishing. It is colourless and remains somewhat flexible (in comparison to shellac). Every varnish that really soaks in and does not stay on the surface as a coating will deepen the colour of materials ('ropes' and wood). This is normal and a physical effect of light guided (like and optical fibre) into the pores, rather than being reflected.

I may repeat myself, but I would rather use some fast-drying solvent-based varnish. I soaks in better and can be easily loosened with a drop of acetone or the respective solvent, if it needs to be adjusted.

Somehow I missed this project so far, although I am quite interested in these rowing rescue boats. It is interesting that whe was clinker built in wood. The German, Dutch, and Danish society rescue boats of the time were mostly constructed after Francis' patent from corrugated steel plating that was hammered to or hydraulically shaped over wooden formers. They were unsinkable and self-draining boats and much lighter than a wooden boat. They had to be much lighter, as they had to be transported on special horse-drawn carriage over the wide tidal beaches and mud-flats of the North Sea coast.

Do you have a concrete link to the item on Amazon ?

Dear Keith, Condolescences also from me. What a terrible loss ... our thoughts are with you and your families ! Eberhard

We are not in house painting, we are in artistry What you were talking about is 'ragging', technique used to create a spotty and distressed looking surface in house painting. Of course this technique could be used also in modelling, but people then tend to use small pieces of sponge. No, washes are applied with soft brushes. The nicety about acrylics is that you can work fast, as fast as the paint/water dries. So you can apply very dilute washes, wait a few minutes and then apply the next wash, and so on. This makes the process very controllable. If you applied too much, you can also soak it up again with a dry brush or a piece of tissue (use a folded edge in order to not leave loose fibres on the surface). As always, don't ask too many questions in advance - just try on a sample or two.

Exactly ! There are also various 'tutorials' around on YouTube etc. for both small-scale shipmodelling and railway modelling on how to represent wood in that way.

A couple of additional observations: - I try to avoid mixed paints - you will hever hit the right shade again, particularly, when you work with small quantities only; in the case of decks this is also not necessary, as one can very well work with washes to arrive at a convincing colour. - I don't know what your kit designers did, but one would normally design the parts (including PE parts) in a way that allows pre-painting parts to achieve a clean colour separation; I designed my decks so that they can be pre-painted and then installed; this means one has to think carefully about the sequence of assembly and not put everything together and then wonder, how to paint it. - It is a lot easier to brush-paint in particular PE-parts, when there is already a sprayed coat of paint on them. - If it was me, I would not bother with colour-matching the painted decks to the wood veneer; this is an opportunity to make the decks look more realistic: lightly sand the wood, apply a thin coat of sanding sealer and then lightly sand again; this gets rid of the far too coarse wood texture and surface structure; then paint in the same base colour as the PE-decks; pick out different planks in different shades etc.; apply a coat of satin varnish to seal; with a black pigmented 0.05 mm 'fine-liner' follow the laser-engraved/etched plank seams, wiping off the excess immediately; apply a light wash of a cream paint; seal with two coats of satin varnish and then with a light coat of matt varnish. It will look a lot more realistic than these awful 'real wood' decks. BTW, the example above is in 1:160 scale, so not too far off from your 1:200 scale.

I don't think that you can achieve the look of wood with a single colour of paint. I start with a suitable base-colour and then apply washes of burnt umber, other beiges/yellows and/or white; finally a couple of coats of satin varnish and for a deck final-final coat of matt varnish sprayed on (otherwise it does not become really matt). Judging colours from pictures (on the Internet) or even what is printed onto the lables is notoriously misleading. The only way to find out is to paint a sample. Here is a recent example from my own production: The following procedure was used: The piece of decking was given a base-coat of Vallejo Model Air 71075 ‘sand (ivory)’ using the airbrush. In a next step single planks were randomly given a light wash with Prince August 834 ‘natural wood transparent’ or Vallejo Model Air 71023 ‘hemp’ (which turned out to be a bit too dark actually). In a next step randomly selected planks, particularly those ‘hemp’ ones were given a very light wash with Vallejo Model Air 71288 ‘Portland stone’. Another very light wash with Vallejo Model Air 71041 ‘armour brown’, toned down with yet another very light wash using Vallejo Model Air 71132 ‘aged white’, pulled everything together.

Much of the armour thickness would have been made up of the hardwood-backing of the steel armour.

Nice sheet-metal work!

Thank you very much to all of you for your nice comments ! Brian, I agree with you that the building logs now are wonderful means to document the actual work done, including the rationales for doing certain things, and to document the bits and pieces that eventually may not be or only barely visible on the finished model. In a way it may be more difficult to imagine in advance what would/could be visible and what not, rather than just making the parts, in case they might be visible. For instance, on the gunning carriage there are parts of which I knew rightaway that they will not be visible (e.g. the gear mechanism for training the gun encased in a sheet-iron box or the link between the upper and lower carriage), so that I did not bother to make them. And then we all like to make things for the challenge's sake, to demonstrate to ourselves (and perhaps to the others) that 'we can'.

These 'dapping' or 'doming' tools', as the jewellery makers call them, blocks with depression come very handy for such metal-shaping tasks - the result looks very promising. For the spider bands, I wonder, whether it would be a proposition to etch the lugs so that the two parts cross in the middle (with half) notches and set them into the sawn notches in the pipe. After hard-soldering, the interior part could be cut/drilled out. Such an arrangement would align the lugs without the need of a jig probably. I was about to ask, whether any progress has been made her - good to see that work continues.

Yep, pre-rigging can be a useful strategie, particularly, when the shrouds are not too much fanned out - otherwise one would need to make oneself a jig or mock-up of the ship's side to get the top dead-eyes nicely lined up. I have done this also with tackles and then stiffended them with varnish.

Yes, these pliable beech strips they sell in Germany come very handy. I have used them for the same purpose. I suppose they (pre)treated the beech in a similar way Thonet did to create their bent-wood chairs, but I don't know.

The musem has a collection of boats from the late 19th and (mainly) early 20th century, but one can only visit it on special occasions. Unfortunately, the decided to dramatise the display by varying the light colour and, hence, photographs look rather weird. Therefore, I only have B/W-photographs, here of a two-seater perissoire: The painter Caillebotte was an interesting personality in the era of Impressionism. As an industrial heir, he supported e.g. Renoir and Monet, was a successful yachtsman, racing sailing-yachts that he designed himself and had built in his own boat-yard at the Seine river. In younger years he seems to have done a lot of canoeing on Yerres, a tributary of the Seine, upstream of Paris, where his family had villa, as evidenced by his paintings: Gustave Caillebotte (1877): Périssoires. National Gallery of Art, Washington, public domain. Part of the book of Sergent can be found here as images: http://alain-tardif.fr/archive/Planssergentcanoes.html And an interesting blog on the building and use of modern replicas: https://lespoissonsdesarbres.blogspot.com/2012/01/construction-dune-perissoire-1.html For someone living in a city apartment, such thing can only be a dream ...

The appearance of blackened vs. painted surfaces is different, it depends on what you are trying to achieve/simulate. Personally, if parts are not to be handled significantly afterwards, I just clean with acetone and then spray-paint with acrylics in several thin coats. Sprayed on acrylic paint also sticks to surfaces that would be difficult to brush-paint because they may be slightly water-repellent, as copper and brass can be.

Keith, it seems to have been very common (still) in the 1860s and 70s to have the steering and commanding position(s) rather exposed. It's the same for e.g. the preserved Dutch amoured battleships BUFFLE and SCHORPIOEN (see e.g. http://www.arbeitskreis-historischer-schiffbau.de/mitglieder/ontour/buffel/). Perhaps this has something to do with the fact commando transmission was largely orally and in those years before smoke-less powder it was rather difficult to keep a good overview over the situation. ******************************* Further Assembly Since the last post, turning handles made from 0.1 mm wire shaped in a die on the jeweller press that also flattened the end uniformly were glue onto the various ventilators. This operation was left to the last moment, as these handles are extremely flimsy and easily damaged or broken off. The ventilators now were ready to be spray-painted. There is some uncertainty around the interior colour of the ventilators. The interior appears very dark on the earliest photograph, suggesting that they have been either black or red. On later photographs with the black-white-yellow colour-scheme according the 1878 ordinance in some cases the interior seems to be the same colour as the exterior, namely white or yellow. There is no written evidence of a red interior, so I went for black to keep within the somewhat more sombre colour-scheme of the 1874 ordinance. Given the flimsy nature of all those parts that come on board now, I am working ‘inside-out’, so that I do not need to reach over already installed parts with the risk of breaking or bending something. This requires some strategic thinking. Now the lower carriage of the gun was finally assembled with the platform for the gun-captain, the shell-crane including its hand-cranks, and one training-shell in its wheeled loading-tray. The carriage was glued in place on its pivot. Unfortunately, once installed in the barbette many of the little details that took a lot of time to make are not visible anymore. However, I did make the effort, because there may be certain angles of view, where they may be in part visible at least. Next thing up will be the chain-rail around the deck-house. I think I found a way to simulate the chain, but I am waiting for some speciality wire (0.05 mm Konstantan wire, which is a copper-nickel alloy, which is somewhat tougher than pure copper). To be continued ....

Yes, the NEPTUNIA-article also talks about perissoirs, which were, as the name indicates, quite perilous craft. The Musée de la Batellerie (Inland Shipping Museum) in Conflans-St. Honorine (near Paris) has several specimen, one of which was home-built. I have taken some rough and ready images of the relevant pages in the book mentioned above:

Sorry, my post duplicates some of the above, because it was written at the same time ... The book's bibliographic reference is: Kern, M. (1915): Selbst ist der Mann - Ein neues Beschäftigungsbuch bei Sonnenschein.- 291 p., Stuttgart/Berlin/Leipzig (Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft). Incidentally, that's the same publisher as for your book. The canvas-canoe described in the book is not a folding one, but looks like an Indian bark-canoe. I should scan the respective pages from the book and put them up here ... Folbot didn'r ring a bell, but seems to be a sort of brand in the US according to what I saw on the Internet. The name seems to be corruption from the German term 'Faltboot', which means folding boat. On Wikipedia, there is a bit of history of it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding_kayak. Essentially, it is a light wooden frame with metal fastenings over which a canvas cover is stretched. The canvas is rubberised below the waterline and made water repellent above it. The most known German manufacturer was Klepper and hence they were also known as 'Klepper-Boote'. They were made as one- and two-seaters. A school-friend of mine had one and if I remember correctly it stowed in three backpack-size bags. In this way it could be be transported easily as luggage on the railway. I think they made also a two-wheeled carriage that served for both, carrying the bags and the set-up boat for launching. It then could be strapped to the 'deck', as these kajaks were meant for river-hiking. There was also a rig available with a small fore-sail and a boom-less gaff-sail with a very steep gaff. Leeway was controlled by a couple of metal lee-boards suspended from a kind of bridge across the coaming. In addition, a one-cyclinder 1.5 hp side-board engine (manufactured by a company called König) was available, that was mounted to a wooden plate that screwed to the coaming near the rear seat. Steering was by a two-part rudder with a lowering blade. It was controlled by two wire-ropes leading to foot-pedals at the rear seat. We once took my friends Klepper to Lake Constance and improvised a sailing rig. It wasn't a long trip though, as we soon capsized, but luckily close to the lake shore. Around the turn of the 19th to the 20th century a bit of a canoe/kajak craze seems to have been developed following the publishing of John MacGregor book "A Thousand Miles in a Rob Roy Canoe on Rivers and Lakes of Europe in 1866 and further accounts of his travels. There is a forthcoming article in NEPTUNIA on a recently discovered original Rob Roy canoe that belonged to Emperor Napoleon III's son and later in the year there will be a further article in NEPTUNIA by your's truly on boating on the river Seine, that also discusses kajaking in the late 19th century (for French speakers that is) ...

I am also only aware of the wire draw-plates for jewellers. As the cutting angle during 'shaving' is zero, this would require quite a bit of force to pull/push the wood through, as you cannot easily do this in steps, as you would do for round material. Also, getting it straight might be a challenge, plus the stability of the wood. I gather a shooting-board and planing or sanding might be a better option, unless you want/can somehow machine them.

I gather this is coloured Bristol board, in Germany we call this also 'photo-board' or '-paper', depending on the thickness. In France it may run under the name 'Canson-paper', after one of the traditional manufacturers. In the early years of the 20th century there seem to have been quite a few instruction books in Germany on DIY boatbuilding. I have got a DIY-book in a nice Art Noveau binding, given by his best friend to my grandfather in 1915 and then passed on to me by him in 1966 that contains instructions for canoe with painted canvas covering over a wooden frame, a sailing sharpie, a sailing outrigger boat and a 'pedalo', i.e. a dubble hull boat with a paddle-wheel in the middle that is driven from an old bicycle frame. Unfortunately, I never had the resources or the space to build any of these ...

Some years ago, I built myself a ring-light for my mill using what is called an 'angel's eye' from automotive supply (through ebay): A detailed description can be found here: https://www.maritima-et-mechanika.org/tools/attachments/attachments.html#Ring-light It attaches via a Nd-magnet, but I am not sure this would work with the Sherline mill, as its body is made from aluminium.