Thukydides

Some of the fly tying thread is polyester, just much thinner than any guterman thread. I used it for serving smaller lines as any other thread was oversized. Probably overkill in the case of ratlines as you can get a properly scaled guterman thread, but for the seizing you need something smaller.

So Cheerful was launched in 1806, so I don’t have a clear answer for you, but here is what W E May recounts (based on Admiralty documents): 1779: Cutters and Brigs to have a 4 oared yawl or cutter 1783: Cutters to have two boats instead of one (not clear what the second would be, potentially a yawl and a cutter?) 1815: Cutters to have a 20ft deal cutter. It is also mentioned that new cutters (those of 200 and 193 tonnes) should have a 22ft gig and 16ft cutter.

Oh I didn't forget about her 😀. I just didn't bother to mention it as she is not really a contemporary example in my view. The problem is Victory has been rebuilt so many times over the years that much of her current appearance is not really reflective of what she originally looked like. @Morgan I believe is working on a book which will discuss some of the many changes to victory so maybe he might have more to say. However, my understanding is that the head was rebuilt at the very least on the early 1900s (there are some diagrams in Bugler's book about the restoration). However to my knowledge there is no reason to believe that even what was done then reflects her original appearance. I did consider adding a discussion on victory to the writeup, but though I am reasonably confident that the modern victory is not a reliable source for how the original head was constructed, I didn't feel I had enough useful things to say and so decided not to mention her at all. As always I do appreciate that you took the time to engage and suggest things I may not have thought of so please don't take this as me dismissing your suggestion. If you have come across any evidence to suggest that the modern head of victory does reflect 18th century practice I would be happy to be shown to be wrong 😀.

I am glad you found my log helpful, I am sorry I never noticed your original question till now or I would have responded. Yes this is an inherent problem with Alert. Goodwin is often not reliable and if I had my time back I would have thought more critically about his assertions. You are correct in saying almost all of the cutter examples you can find use the tresstree to attach the shrouds. However, on the other hand almost all of the models are from a little later than Alert. My gut is I would have gone with Hawke as it is contemporary and about the right size (Alert was a larger cutter) and period, though I have not given it a ton of thought as it is too late for me to change anything now. I have also since found a possible rigging warrent for alert which might help. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-557865 One of the key things to remember is if you run the shrouds up to the trestle trees, you need to reverse the topgallant mast (so the topgallant is in front of the mainmast). I would also recommend you check out Blue Ensign's log as I relied on him heavily and he goes into great detail regarding his thinking on matters such as this. I would also note in my case that I did a few things wrong (in retrospect) with regards to this area of the model: I confused the pendants of the tackles with the running backstay tackles. So I missed the pendants of the tackles which should hang below the shrouds. BE correctly shows this in his build. I followed Goodwins arrangement for the shrouds which I am pretty sure is wrong. It should have been the last shroud that was a single instead of the first.

Log #11: Researching the Knee of the Head Part II I am finally starting to lock down the design for the structure of the model and an important part of that is the knee of the head. As promised here is the second part in which I cover the remaining historical examples I was able to find as well as my preliminary plan for what I will do with Perseus. We left last time with the example of the Bellona model and after the it, there are no more significant depictions of English knees of the head until the early 1800s. However, an interesting example of French construction from the late 18th century can be found in the Encyclopedie Methodique: Marine by Vial du Clairbois. Sectional Profile of a French Frigate, Circa 1783 Vial Du Clairbois, Encyclopédie méthodique, Plate 82, archive.org. The illustration shows the inboard profile of an unknown French frigate. The head is composed of many timbers, of a common curve, scarfed into one another. Clairbois’ commentary notes that this is a significantly more economical way of constructing the head and he further notes that the method is more like English or foreign practice as opposed to French. The upper part of the knee of the head bears a striking resemblance to the Ollivier drawing and it is notable that this example differs considerably from two other examples of French knees of the head depicted in the volume. Steel’s 1812 book on naval architecture includes no detailed diagrams showing the knee of the head, but does briefly describe the process by which it was constructed: Though this does not assist in describing exactly how the head would have looked, it does reinforce the idea that shipwrights tended to have broad latitude in how they constructed the head and the specific makeup likely depended on the available timbers. The description of the methodology is also reminiscent of Ollivier’s description of how English shipwrights he observed constructed the head. At some point in the early 1800s the design of the knee of the head appears to have begun to change. The new designs featured a timber called the stem piece which runs parallel to the stem all the way to the top of the knee of the head replacing the standard. The lacing then buts against this piece with the chock pieces made up of a number of wedges filling in the remaining space. These changes can be seen in a sectional plan of HMS Nelson, a 1st rate launched in 1814 showing the arrangement for the knee of the head. Sectional Plan of HMS Nelson 1814 National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. PAH9223. Once again we can also see that each of these components of the head was made up of many different pieces scarfed together. The figurehead is also much smaller in keeping with 19th century practice depicting the figure from the waste up. This shift in practice for the construction of the head is also evident in John Fincham’s 1821 book on the practice of shipbuilding. In it, there is an illustration which, similar to the Nelson 1814 example, shows a stem piece running from alongside the stem. In this example, the stem piece continues down to lock into the gripe. The diagram also shows the separation of the gripe into two pieces which Fincham explains is to allow this piece to separate in the event that the ship is grounded to avoid the entire gripe being carried away along with the false keel. Fincham’s diagram also includes a horseshoe plate to secure the gripe to the stem. The Structure of the Head, Circa 1821 Fincham, Outline of Shipbuilding, Plate 4; Lavery, Nelson’s Navy, 63; redrawn. Like Steel, Fincham’s description of the construction of the knee of the head makes clear that shipwrights had broad latitude in how it was constructed. Having considered the available contemporary examples of the construction of the knee of the head we are left with more questions than answers. Despite this there are probably a number of key conclusions we can make about English construction of the knee of the head: English construction practices for the knee of the head likely varied from shipyard to shipyard and based on the available timber. Individual parts such as the lacing, chock etc.. were likely made of multiple pieces of wood running parallel to each other or following a common curve. The individual pieces that make up the head were at times scarphed together. This may have been the standard practice, but there is insufficient evidence to definitively make this assertion. The following is a potential arrangement of the knee of the head consistent with the historical examples reviewed. It should be noted that this is by no means the only reasonable way one could speculate Perseus’ head was constructed, but is meant to illustrate one possible arrangement. It incorporates the shape from the draught, the available dimensions in the contract and broadly follows the Bellona model. I am a little apprehensive about if I will be able to pull it off. Getting tight joints with those scarphs may be hard. However, if I find I can't do it, I may pivot to simply copying the Bellona arrangement.

I used 0.2mm rope from ropes of scale. Ben was able to custom make some for me and it turned out great. This was the correct scale for my 1:64 scale cutter. It is more expensive than just buying thread, but you get much nicer definition.

As Chris said really it is up to you. The reality is that the state of a deck would have changed significantly depending on the circumstances (are they cleared for action or just sailing along). So you have essentially two choices: Pick the exact scenario you are trying to depict and do so accurately (e.g. show the tackles laid out if the ship was ready for action or shut the ports and secure the cannons to the side of the bulwarks if just sailing along). Do some sort of representative scenario (this is what most people are trying to do). Essentially you are depicting some of the many things that were done on the ship even though it is technically inaccurate to have them happening simultaneously. But in this case it comes down to what you want to depict and how aesthetically you want to present it (a ship model is a work of art after all). Though with #1 there might be a technical right answer there is most definitely no right answer to number two as it depends on what YOU are trying to depict. TLDR: do what you want

Fantastic work Glenn. She really is exquisite. I have enjoyed following along watching her take shape.

I use Lego. Many people have at least a bit of Lego around and it is square to very exacting tolerances. Just build a Lego block of the appropriate size and clamp it to the bulkheads. You can use up to 4 of them to secure each bulkhead one by one. I think there are some pictures from the early part of my alert build if you need to visually see what I mean.

Log #10: Depictions of Perseus My work on documenting my research on the knee of the head and finalizing my design has taken longer than I thought so in the meantime I thought I would share some more information on potentially relevant contemporary depictions of Perseus and her sister ships. I have already mentioned the bowl and the tobacco box, so today we will cover all of the other depictions I have found. I do cover more possible depictions in my document which I will release at some point when it is ready, but for this log I will restrict myself to the depictions I actually believe show Sphinx class ships. Joseph Marshall, HMS Sphinx Stern View Science Museum Group. HMS Sphinx. 1864-4/2. Date Made: Circa 1759-1837 Joseph Marshall was a marine painter active from 1755-1779. He is best known for a commission he did for George III depicting ships of each class in the Royal Navy. In 1773 Joseph Marshall was commissioned by Lord Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty, for George III to produce a number of perspective paintings of Royal Navy ships. The perspectives themselves were produced by draughtsmen Joseph Williams and John Binmer working from the original plans while George Marshall was responsible for painting all the pictures. The lead ship of the Sphinx class was one of the ships captured in these paintings. The stern view was drafted by Joseph Williams and the bow view by John Binmer. Both paintings show a considerable amount of detail of the carvings which match those depicted on the plans and also painted decorations which were not in the plans There is no indication as to where Joseph Marshall might have gotten the inspiration for these painted decorative elements. The fact that the paintings were reproduced from the plans suggests that Marshall did not have access to a model of Sphinx as a source reference. The paintings were completed sometime in 1775, around the time that Sphinx was launched, so it is possible that Marshall viewed the ship itself, but it seems more likely that the decorative elements represent his own artistic inspiration. Dominic Serres, Destruction of the American Fleet at Penobscot Bay National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. BHC0425. Date Made: Late 18th century Domnic Serres was born in France in the early 18th century. In 1773 he received a royal commission to depict a visit of George III to inspect the fleet and was later appointed to be Marine Painter to George III. Serres was a prolific painter and founding member of the Royal Academy. He died in 1793. Both the Galatea and Camilla were present in this engagement and are presumably among the British ships shown from the middle and to the right of the painting. There are not many details visible and all of the ships appear to have black lower transoms. In fact they almost appear as if they were largely copies of one another. During the Seven Years War Serres painted scenes based on sketches made by Richard Short, a purser in the Navy. However, there is no indication as to whether or not this painting was based on an eyewitness sketch. Given the uncertainty around how accurate of a depiction it is and also the fact that it is impossible to know which of the ships might be the Galatea or Camilla this painting should probably not be relied upon other than as potentially a general depiction of warships of the period. Drawing of Camilla National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. PAH9227. Date Made: Circa 1825 H.M.S. Camilla in a sea passage between rocky coasts, unknown artist. The forecastle appears to have built up bulwarks, but this does not appear to be also true of the quarterdeck. If this does indeed depict Camilla, it is clearly a drawing of her late in her career as she features the Nelson chequer. If anyone knows of any other potential depictions of Sphinx class ships I would love to hear about them. I am already aware of two more which I am pretty sure do not depict them: Thomas Luny, HMS Perseus in Plymouth Sound - likely depicts the later Laurel class HMS Perseus John Thomas Serres, H.M.S. Camilla, 20 Guns - the painting is clearly not of HMS Camilla (wrong number of ports, not quarter galleries) even though the frame labels it as such.

I only just noticed you had started a new log. Looking good so far. Are you planning on putting sails on her like with trial?

It really comes down to personal preference in a case like this. As you articulated there are advantages to either method. Painting on a flat surface up to an edge is a relatively easy task to get a clean line with. Just go slowly, make sure your hand is resting on somthing and use a relatively small brush when you get near the line. Make one stroke close to the line, but not right on it, then do a second stroke where you almost push the paint you already laid down right up to the line (if you go on youtube and look up tutorials of cutting in the edges of walls, the technique is very similar just on a larger scale). Beware of having too much paint on your brush as that is how you loose control and overpaint. So if you have a steady hand that is what I would do.

I believe wefalck covered most of what I would suggest. Only thing I will add is the plank size and single vs double needs to be built into your original plan. The lines from the plan would have been the lines for the frame on the original ship and the size of the plank you put on them would be whatever size was used scaled down to your scale. Kit manufacturers when double planking take this into consideration and to save money use a thinner outer layer of planks and make the bulkheads smaller to compensate for the extra thickness of two planking layers. So essentially if you wanted to double plank you would need to adjust your plans accordingly.

This To be honest I am not sure you need much more if you are sticking with kits. When it comes to kit bashing it is hard to recommend a tool as they will be specific to the modifications you need to make. Based on that list you have more tools than me :).

Thanks Ian, you should try one sometime. They are fun to make and if you do it with a small simple kit there is not a lot of pressure to get it perfect.

Thanks Mike, I have a snow powder, but it is really fine (which looks great as snow) but it didn't play nice as foam. At some point I want to try getting a more course shiny snow powder and I will try it again the next time I do a seascape.

Congrats, she looks fantastic.

I would like to do Dreadnought some day. However I want to build myself up to it as I am not confident I could do her justice at the moment. Good luck, I am looking forward to seeing how you progress with her.

I am calling this one complete. All in all it was a fun little project and I learned lots about what not to do for next time I feel like doing another side project. I feel like water is one of those things you really need to try a few times before you really get it right so I am not discouraged by all the shortcomings. And here are the final beauty shots.

I was going to try snow, but the stuff I had didn't look right so I pivoted to the cotton. The gesso can work, I have seen examples that use it and they are stunning, the problem is I lack the skill to do it right. Maybe next time. Like everything the first time is always fraught as you don't know what you don't know. I already have a bunch of ideas for things I need to change the next time I decide to do a seascape.

Yes those lines are the majority of what I meant by some touchups. I was attempting to make foam lines, but it didn't work out as well as I wanted. However, I plan to go back in with very small bits of cotton wool to cover over the lines. I tried it in one or two places and it seemed to work Painting them over won't work unless I go in with the airbrush and at this point that is not really an option. I did try glazing over with some blue ink to tone them down, but it didn't really have the effect I wanted so I suspect all of them are going to have to be covered by little thin lines of cotton. Then just some minor use of gloss varnish to make certain parts of the sub look more "wet".

So I lied when I said I would stick it on the shelf for a few days. Tonight I decided to give the foam another go and this time used cotton balls and mod podge. This worked better, though as you will see the effect was not perfect. I wanted to try and depict water flowing out of the holes in the uboat as if it had just surfaced and so I stretched out some cotton on some parchment paper and coated it in mod podge. I then blasted it with the hair dryer (because I don’t like waiting for things to dry). Once dry I peeled it off the paper. The thinner parts ended up looking better so I cut them off in the shapes I needed. I then carefully glued them in place. You can see here the look on the stern. And then larger ones for the bow. With that the model is pretty much done though I may add a few more touch ups to the foam before I take the final pictures. Overall I am relatively pleased with it for a first attempt at water. If you look to close the illusion falls apart, but from normal viewing distances it sells the illusion.

Welcome, I also came from miniature wargaming painting. Take your time and do lots of reading. Even though it is a huge learning curve, you may find that more skills from miniature painting transfer over than you might have originally thought.

Minor update. I have started working in the foam lines with gesso. I am unsure how much of this to do and my plan for the thick foam didn't work out like I planned so I think I will put it on the shelf for a few days and think about what needs to be done.

Painting is now pretty much complete with only a few minor touchup still necessary. However, these will be made after I have secured the model to the base so that was the next step. After test fitting things I added some epoxy putty to the stern area as I needed to make sure it stayed at the correct angle. This will also help to hold the model in place. Then I placed the model in the base positioning it so that the the stern is pretty much level with the water. I want the waves to just be washing over the very end, but not to obscure too much of the model. Then with a toothpick I carefully applied gesso around the edges to fill in the gaps. This doubles as both the means of securing the model, but also is what I will be using for the foam. At this point I was just trying to carefully fill in the gap between the water and the model. Once everything is dried then I will move on to deciding where the foam will extend to.