wefalck

The fire/explosion hazard aside, where does the fan blow to ? One in general avoids raising dust during spray painting. However, unless the workshop is really meticuously cleaned and dedusted before spraying, it is likely that the fan will do more harm than good. If you a concerned about over-spray, put some absorbent material around the inside, but I don't think this is really necessary. For your personal protection use a face-mask that absorbs droplets/particulates. As Kurt was saying, filters do not normally absorb solvent vapours, you would need an activated carbon filter (as per gas masks) for that. BTW, I am using just a cardboard box for my occassional small-scale spraying operations. Never found over-spray outside of the box.

The loose ends should be long enough so that one can grab them to tuck on them. In the above drawing they seems to be rather short. Remember that your fingers become very clumsy, when it is cold, wet and the snow is blowing into your face ... on the other hand, too long loose ends are flapping around in a storm, constitute a safety hazard and add to the wear of sails and the rope itself.

The 'Atlas' was never published as a book as such. In fact, it was a collection of loose lithographs that was being added to from time to time. No one institution seems to have a complete collection. The French Service Historique de la Defence (SHD) in Vincennes/Paris has one pretty complete collection. The Musée de la Marine in Paris too. However the Musée des Arts et Metiers in Paris has a collection that has some sheets that are not in the other collections. The Universit of Genoa in Italy also has a quite comprehensive collection: https://duilioship.unige.it/ There is also a collection of thumbnails of it on http://www.shipmodell.com/index_files/0PLAN_ATLAS1.html

Thanks to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, everything will crumble away eventually ... just a question of time. Not all modern materials are bad and deteriorate quickly - otherwise we wouldn't need to worry about plastics in the environment. The problem are plastics that contain plasticisers. They gas out with time and the remaining material becomes brittle. There is also the problem of UV-exposure that can brake bonds and cross-links in plastics, leading to their degradation. Certain quality plastics on the other hand are very stable, such as phenolic resins ('bakelite') and methacrylates ('Plexiglas'). We have bakelite artefacts that are well over a hundred years old by now and that are as good as new. Plexiglas has been around only since the 1930s, but we have still a lot of unaltered artefacts from WW2 and before. Often it is not the material itself that is a problem, but their combinations. We generally credit the artisans and artists of old to have been better in choices, but this is not always true - keeps the art restorers and conservators busy. Think of silk for sails and threads, certain dyes and inks (e.g. iron gallus ink) that corrode the paper, etc. Virtually all natural organic materials are biodegradable ... A big problem are post-1960s artworks, when 'artists' began to experiment with new materials and techniques and combinations thereof. Such works can be a real headache for the conservators - from the aesthetic point of view perhaps they shouldn't worry too much

Weren't these articles on the NRG home-page for a long time ? At least I have been aware of them for some ten+ years. While I have been advocating in principle the conclusions, the problem is, that many of the 'safe' materials and practices are not very useful for the miniature or small-scale shipmodeller, particularly, when building ships from the last quarter of the 19th century on. They are just not practical. One recommendation, however, that is important to heed, is to use as few different materials as possible in any one model.

No update since early August ! I hope this is due to the holiday period and not to something serious ...

I like these small, local craft ... BTW, as I am collecting books on such small local boats, I did a quick search on the Web and it may be that the above book is still available: https://batdok.com/produkt/batar-i-bohuslan-del-1/ There is also information on similar (or the same ?) boats here: https://digitaltmuseum.se/011024268188/bat Not sure what the generic term is in Swedish, but in German such clinker-built boats with a small transom forward and no keel, but a bottom plank would be called 'prahm'.

My German sources indicate no through-bolting, but just wood-screws. The screws were supposed to be 6" apart. Whether the rails can move depends on how hard the wood is underneath and how well supported the deck planks are.

" ... he suddenly had the "umbrella handle" in his hand" - I seem to vaguely remember that this happened to someone I know too. My sister also had a R4 for a while, but I don't think it was her - her's lost a front wing while driving

It has perhaps also something to do with patience. I myself am very patient, when I can be reasonably sure of the satisfactory outcome of an operation, but become rather impatient, when I am not sure - rather counterproductive, I know. If I had to shape spars by hand, I would be rather unsure that I get it right the first time, which surely leads to scrap. If I do it with the aid of a machine tool, I know that my own, uncontrolled movements are eliminated and success only depends on how cautiously I turn cranks and plan the machine movements.

Machines are for clumsy people like me ... I would indeed start with round stock and mill on squares with my milling machine and the dividing head. I also think that, when you are working on more modern ships, where machines were used to make them, you need some form of machine tools to reproduce the exact shapes required. This is not to say, that there aren't some gifted individuals who are able to produce geometrically exact shapes (round or other) just with hand-tools. For most other people the difference will be visible.

A filing rest basically consists of two (normally hardened) rollers that can adjusted in height. Opinions diverge, as to whether the roller should be placed outside the workpiece or the workpiece in between them. I think both ways work. Here is a more or less random example from the WWW: Here a guy makes such a filing rest for his Taig-lathe: http://www.deansphotographica.com/machining/projects/filingrest/filingrest.html The design probably could be simplified and adapted to the Unimat. You either need a bridge between the two bars or make it as an attachment for the cross-slide. There is one available commercially for the Sherline, but the price is indiscently exaggerated. The height is adjusted by a nut and a locking nut: You then also need a kind of brake or stop for the headstock spindle. There are many different ways for doing this ...

Don't know what lathe you have, but having/making some sort of dividing stops at the spindle will be a very valuable modification to the lathe. The watchmakers have what is called a filing rest as attachment for their lathes, which allow to do exactly what you want to do, namely filing square flats onto round stock. If you are interested, I can provide more details.

If it's cast iron, judging by what looks like rust, it could be the knob for a door of an oven or stove.

We tend to be too 'bookie' about how things were done on the boats or how they should be done. Much of that probably is due to navy traditions that are perpetrated also by yachts people. If one looks over photographs of working craft, one quickly realises that not everything is 'ship-shape and Bristol-fashion' and done by the book. Rigging and other things are arranged to the convenience or fancy of the seaman or the skipper. There is a lot of clutter around too. I think there is room for a lot artistic licence, as long as it makes practical sense ... In this sense, you really capture the spirit of this vessel.

Doesn't the NMM in Greenwich have some cutter models (from the time) on which one can see how it might have been done, so that one can see how to fake it ? Somehow, I have my doubts that these small cutters had bulwarks that were planked on the inside. A very quick search with 'revenue cutter' turned this up: Source: https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/86219.html (National Maritime Museum, Greenwich) Source: https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/86220.html And this, but from 1822: Source: https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/86297.html With some more search, one probably can find more details.

I don't know much about LADY NELSON, but believe that she is a rather small ship ? There are many different ways for arranging the timberwork, depending of period, region and size of the ship. In large ships, bulwark stanchions are pieces separate from the frames. Essentially, the hull ends at upper deck level with which it forms a closed, water-tight spaces (except for the hatches). The arrangements discussed above largely pertain to larger ships. In small(er) ships, every other or every third frame is carried up to rail level and thus forms the bulwark stanchion. In general there is then no interior planking of the bulwark (and therefore no spirketting). In such cases there is a 'covering board' over the waterway that is notched or pierced for the stanchions. Sometimes, there aren't even separate covering boards and waterways, but just one massive plank. In such cases often the bulwark planking leaves a space of an inch or so above the covering board for effective drainage of the deck. Not sure what is known about LADY NELSON, but it would be worthwhile to first check the sources on her and not to rely too much on the building instructions.

I am always somewhat amazed at the rough utilitarian look of industrial machinery (including ships and related) in the USA ... you captured that look well, I think.

The choice of primer will also depend on what paint you are going to use later. The two should be compatible.

If it's just for scale, this is also the scale of the old-time flat tin-soldiers.

In a different context I just looked over my (xerox) copy of an atlas on the Prussian Navy's artillery material, published in 1861. Although still in a nascent stage at that time, it was technologically quite advanced, being kitted out with the latest Krupp breechloading guns. This atlas has drawings for every single part of the guns, their carriages and accessories. The Prussian Navy at that time had as heaviests guns 68-pounder smooth bores and 24-pounder rifled breechloading guns. Both could be mounted in slide carriages of the same type. There is a drawing also for the tracks and these were 9" wide and 1/4" thick to be screwed down onto the deck with countersunk screws, the head of which had about 3/4" diameter. The screws were set 1" from the edge and 13" apart, being offset by half the distance on each side. I only have a b/w copy of the atlas, but in the original the materials were colour-coded in light washes of water colour. As the track appears basically white in the copy, I assume it was light yellow in the original, indicating brass/bronze (or gun-metal) as material for the tracks.

Completing the upper carriage 3 Progress in homeopathic doses: I realised that I forgot the the two steps at the end of the upper carriage. So, the parts for the frame were laser-cut, pieces of tea-bag mesh inserted and the assembly attached to the carriage with lacquer. Steps for the gun-layer I realised now that I had assembled so many tiny parts for the gun, that it became difficult to not loose them and to remember what they were for. Some of the parts indeed had been made years ago. Therefore, I will proceed now to paint the parts and to assemble the gun, which then will be placed as a whole into the barbette, once the model is getting close to be finished. Preparations for painting While the paint scheme overall is quite clear, as it had been laid down in an ordinance of 1874, a few details have caused and still do cause some head-scratching. One of them is the exact hue of the ‘yellow’ for the funnel and the two boiler-room ventilators. Unfortunately, no colour recipes seem to have survived, if there had been any. I undertook some research by proxy, reviewing what other navies at the same time might have done. The paint scheme of the French navy of that time is very different, but that of the Royal Navy is quite similar (or perhaps the other way around). For instance, HMS GANNET, preserved and restored in Chatham, is from the same period. Due to the Corona-crisis the reponse from Chatham to an enquiry is still incomplete. I wanted to know what paint was used in her restoration. Looking through artistic representations of the time, one has the feeling that the yellow was paler and more like buff, than the one used later by the Imperial German Navy. It is notoriously difficult to judge hues on computer screens and on printed colour cards. To begin with, I selected a range of possible colours from my stock and also went through the colour cards of Schmincke, Vallejo, and Prince August (the French trade name for Vallejo). These candidates I tried out on pieces of the material to painted. Colour samples The hull will be black outside and white inside, the deckhouse and the inside of the barbette will be also white. The decks, where not wood, will be a dark grey, as they had been painted in tar with sand mixed in to make them less slippery. The gun carriage will be painted green, as evidenced by some contemporary builders’ models and a somewhat later instruction manual. The hue of the green is another issue. It was probably based on chrome oxide green. The barrel of these breech-loading guns was scraped clean, then wiped with vinegar until a brownish oxide layer developed. The process was repeated several times and any loose ‘rust’ wiped off. Finally, the barrel was rub down with lineseed oil, effectively producing in situ a paint with ferric oxihyroxide and ferric acetate as pigment. The resulting colour would be something like caput mortuum. This is the way the barrel of the demonstration model in Copenhagen seems to have been treated. Moving parts and mechanically relevant surfaces were keept clean carefully, of course. I will, therefore, lightly spray the barrel in Schmincke caput mortuum. To be continued ...

Did you really silver-plate it or is it tinned ?

The probably most difficult strake mastered !

Guns were cast frome bronze and the rollers for the guns too ... bronze is elastic and wear resistant. The tracks were screwed onto the deck.