Santa Maria by luponero - FINISHED - scale 1/50 - carrack - from diagrams of Adametz

[cog]

Maybe some time has passed, but it is worth the wait. I like the crowsnest and how you build it. Lovely detail as usual

[luponero]

Fixed the bigoted (?) on the big table, welding the ring of the eyebolt to the tin-plated stem of the brass wire that is around the bigotta, I made the landra and the stirrup always in brass, using a sheet of 0.5 mm and a thread of 0 8mm

with the support (wood and nails) I folded the brass wire

later I welded with the tin and the "extinguished" (?) muriatic acid with zinc, the rings

placing the land (?) on the side of the ship, it is important to check the length of the rings before folding them by fixing the bracket with double-sided tape to check the measurements,

to the next,
tonight I'm going to "work" at the S.M.

black Wolf

 

 

 

 

 

 

[cog]

Impressive soldering at that scale

[luponero]

Thank you friends, for your appreciation and your visit, both elements that are stimulating for a greater commitment,
I'm on leave "forced" for organizational reasons where I work, and this allows me to dedicate myself more to my "passions" updating the progress of the works almost daily (something that had not been possible previously for opposite situations, too much work)
later I burnished the brass using a very "good" gel burner that I purchased in a "well stocked" armory

as I said the burner is a great product, the oxidation process is fast and stable on the brass, if left to act it also forms the "green patina" (typical in the oxidizing processes of different metals, giving a very realistic natural aspect, in this in case I didn't want to oxidize too much so I passed a little straw oil over it to soften and fix the oxidation)
in the picture you can also see the template on which the scale drawing of the tailoring is shown to have references when I will realize it, (after finishing and fixing the trees)
My intent was to start making the cordage, but I realized that I also lacked various blocks and crayons, essential elements, not for the shrouds but for the realization of the dormant maneuvers,
so I started doing some pieces.
The decision taken is relative to the construction of wooden blocks, at the time the pulleys were not made of metal, but of wood, so I started making pulleys using the small lathe of Proxxon, which for small jobs is "the ace" (the top)

 

the rod used is the lime tree of d. of 4mm (it is part of the "buffer stock" that I made when some years ago they cut the linden trees of my country, I took some pieces, and obviously, like all our wood we work very well)
I made the grooves leaving the space between the throat and the throat to cut and pulleys with a single passage

with the small disc saw the job is good, just keep the disc with tweezers while cutting to prevent it from flying away.
after making the 4 mm (20 cm) pulleys I made the smaller ones of the d. of 2.5 mm (12/13 cm) to start making the blocks called a violin (although in the late 1400s they did not really have the shape of the most recent ones), so I prepared the strips in various shapes to make them a little 'in "series"

the graph paper does not actually serve for the positioning of the pulleys and the internal parts, also because the blocks are arranged in the horizontal part of the main strips (three), obviously the processing still includes passages before the conclusion,

to the next

black Wolf

 

[luponero]

Afterwards I continued with the preparation of the blocks, changing the type and size, the only situation that is repeated that everyone has only one pulley

all in wood, except for the pulley pin, made of brass

this type of block is a "pastecca"

while these are "simple"

once taken the "way" the workmanship is simple and economic, they are different from those purchased, even those "violin" have the form of violins, which in reality is very different ,,,
I attach an image of a real "violin" block
I have made others that I still have to download photos from the camera,

to the next
black Wolf

 

 

 

[Louie da fly]

Wonderful work, Luponero. The only question I have is - where did you get that enormous blue-headed pin? 

 

Steven

[cog]

New tips and tricks. Very nicely done Luponero

[Baker]

Great work Luponero 

[luponero]

Thank you friends for your appreciation,
in reality the needle with the blue head is not a needle,
it is a walking stick of a giant who lives in the Florentine hills ... ...

 

 

Fabio

[cog]

11 hours ago, luponero said:

in reality the needle with the blue head is not a needle,

it is a walking stick of a giant who lives in the Florentine hills ...

I thought so, here at MSW there is a modeller whom says he builds ships in bottles and shows his builds with a match stick. It can only be a giant inflatable one when you look at the incredible detail he manages to put into his models. Hence, your cane is very plausible ............................................................... but for the giant part

[luponero]

I stayed with the construction of the blocks, I always did some with the usual technique

changing the typology, (these are blocks used in the Middle Ages many times with a single pulley)

once the necessary quantity has been estimated I have completed the various forms

Once the blocks are finished, it is time to think about the creation of the rope for the maneuvers.
I started to prepare the ropes for the "sleeping" maneuvers, that is the ropes that had to hold firm trees against the action of winds and waves, to guarantee this condition the shrouds, shovels and backstays that were put in tension were necessary with the repetition carried out with the bigots and blocks.
For the realization of the cordage I started with the production of cable-laid rope , for the committing of the cables I used Gutermann polyester yarns and a sewing machine, I had equipped myself also for seaming the sails, but the realization of the cordame was longer than expected, I started with the preparation of cables with both three and four strands, using different thicknesses of the yarns (wood) obtaining three-dimensional twisted cables, for the mainmast sheave and for the shrouds and backstay, trying to bring them back to scale (the shredder should be a cable of about 10 cm (on a scale of 1/50 = 2mm), sheaves greater than 8 cm (on a 1.7mm scale) the backstays of 6 cm ( 1.4mm) thus exchanging the various yarns I made the skeins (the machine has a seaming system that allows the realization of spools of continuous thread)
in the following photo, the sewing machine and the one for committing cables

(hoping that the translation is understandable)

follow the various strings and ligature of the same

ligatures (flat gassa) are taken from a volume very famous for naval modeling in Italy "Naval models of Curti"

followed by some cables made

 

 

while the photo that follows this photo is the binding of the first double rigger in the mast inside the Crow's Nest

cordage is a very important and complex part, certainly a good "rope" made the difference for which there were different types of ropes and antifouling treatments, which I will illustrate later

to the next

black Wolf

 

 

 

 

 

[luponero]

After the alternate laying with hatchings of the master mast (one on each side) I started to position the bigoted ones, the printing of the shrouds cloned from the construction planes and glued on a 2 mm plywood sheet positioned on the parasartie, allows the precise positioning of the bigoted (?)

unfortunately it is not possible to correctly translate many ancient nautical terms, as "BIGOTTE" the translator distorts the meaning of many terms by which I use an image, bringing the term of the object into it, as follows

the use of pins, allows the forward and backward movement of the cables by not losing the alignment of the "bigotte"

this system is also useful after how much "griselle" will be laid,
finish the ties over the bigotte,

later I tied the "tarozzo" which is the first step of the griselle, it is a wooden step that is tied on the shrouds above the bigots and from the alignment to the "griselle",

I put an image where the "tarozzo" is reported and the "griselle" ligation method

the next step is the union of the bigots (arridatura), those on the parasartie with those of the shrouds,
(the translation of ancient nautical terms becomes very complex ...)

to the next

black Wolf

 

 

 

 

[luponero]

The next step was the redundancy (Turn Buckle) of the "bigotte", for the realization of the "runner / CORRIDORE" or the cable connecting the bigots, ( shroud-laid rope )  I always used a Gutermann yarn (the yarn is always "flat" so if the thickness is of the yarn is correct, it is used directly, the argument on the making of cables, perhaps, would need a deepening, but I don't want to "weigh down" too much the update)
the color used is the one that in my opinion approaches the untreated rope with the anti-fouling systems of the time,

I insert an image "in which some of the" technical "terms I used, of which I am not sure of the correct translation (hopefully well ...)

 

seen from inside the ship

the "flat" work is opposite to that used for the production of shrouds (torticcio cable) the reticulation was carried out after the "tarozzo" was scraped and as I said the method of using the shroud printing pasted on the 2mm plywood and positioned later on the parasartie and under the crow's nest it allows the realization of the various parts that make up the shrouds with relative ease, due to the fact that stopping the bigots with pins you have the space, pulling forward the bigoted, to work well, repositioning them later without losing the fundamental alignment (a method that I would advise) it is necessary to avoid the gluing of the runner until one is sure of having finished the work, obviously the displacement of the bigots necessarily causes the lengthening of the thread (runner) and in following the shortening, manageable or very difficult maneuvers, if the wire has been glued

the next step will be on making the "griselle" translation permitting,

to the next

black Wolf

 

 

[luponero]

The next step was the tying of the griselle to the shrouds, a clarification that I had not previously reported (the bigots are shown on the template practicing on it the holes from which the "runner" will pass with a tip of 0.7mm + or -, to rub the bigoted with their own tailoring it is necessary to stop the bigotas on the template on the three holes of the runner using the classic brass nails, to avoid the "rotations" of the same one, after the rubbing the nails come off and in their place is used the pin, to make the movements towards the outside and their positioning towards the inside)
the thread used for griselle is in cotton (found in a workshop of a cobbler "a rarity" of these times) the diam. is roughly 0.3 mm, (committed to the right so a "flat" cable carries an image of the shroud-laid rope

making bandages with the finest thread at the beginning and at the end of the grisella is not easy, especially if you want to respect the scale (1/50)

also in the binding of the griselle the "dima" (the design of the shrouds) is very useful

following the lines the grisella is laid precisely, the "rise" between grisella and grisella is 8 mm (40 cm real),
in the following picture you can see the binding of the final part, the thread is bent and the thread of a d is prepared. very thin with a simple open knot, slips into the folded part and pulls, repeating several passes, previously I had wrapped in cable for the affected stretch, sliding to the right point to make the curved part (gassa)

while in this photo we see the "clove hitch." knot pulling it from the extremities, and in reality with the weight of the sailor we will be strongly to the sartia, like all the nodes once learned the system if they realize quickly

to the next

black Wolf

 

 

[shipman]

Just got to admire craftsmanship on this level.

It always strikes me that ships from this period appear to be robust. Yet they seem impractical and somewhat naïve, based on the illustrations as provided here. They must have been extremely uncomfortable. Still, eye-watering build. Thanks for posting.

[luponero]

I thank my friends for the "likes"
unfortunately the translator, although very useful, does not correctly translate the meaning of the terms and this can create problems of mutual understanding unfortunately, however you have to be satisfied or learn English better, maybe I'll do it when I retire, maybe ,,,

 

I came back too late to turn on the stove in the laboratory for which I update the building site (not in real time, but we miss a little), obviously gradually the jobs go on, very slowly, we go up higher,

and gradually the distance between the shrouds decreases, so that making the ligatures and the knots becomes impossible because of the little space between the shrouds, for this the last "steps" I realize with a thread of smaller diameter, it should be 0,2mm all 'roughly, I take off the template that I used because I reached the last ratlines (grisella) , in addition to the tailoring it is also visible the Forestay itself greater of the tree strap on the fly with two small springs

the photo was taken when both shrouds were made)
the next photo is a detail of the bigotte (?)  and alignment with the tarozzo (?)
(alignment to be respected in the realization of the upper ratlines - griselle )

and below, the diagonal view from "port"

[luponero]

The major tree forestay is among the thickest cables, it is a "torticcio" cable made with four strands (shrouds with three) the thickness in 1/50 scale is scarce 2mm, in reality a cable from about 10 cm, (only the anchor line should be larger)
following a schematic image found on the internet, with the direction of the cables being made (torticcio and piano) and the direction of rotation starting from the strands (composed of lint, if I remember correctly) it can be useful to try to commit the cables, need to self-realize or buy the contractor)

the "torticcio" cable is formed by four "cords" which are nothing more than "flat" cables, however, this image shows the made of the main shaft which for now is the only shaft fixed / glued

The forestay is fixed with two bigots bigger than those used for shrouds
the blocks that will later be used for the spars and "antenna" are visible on the bridge

those that follow illustrate the "bifurcation" of the staysail (?) obtained with the splicing of the cables (in reality, instead I worked, "shredded" the cables to make them more spiral and wrap with the thin wire) the little man I need to estimate the height of the horizontal table placed over the bigots in which ankles are housed

end with detail of the staysail and sail blocks

to the next

black Wolf

 

[G.L.]

Great rope work, Black Wolf. Your ratlines are really well done!

[Baker]

Great work

 

Are you sure of these 2 ropes. I think this method was only used a few centuries later.

[luponero]

Hi Patrick,
the question you ask me is a question that I cannot answer with certainty, the material on medieval ships is always "uncertain" what I have are the Adametz construction plans attached to the book "The ships of Columbus" by Winther and information taken from the book "The ships of Christopher Columbus" by Pastor, both in the construction plans of Adametz and in the ship built to commemorate 400th anniversary of the European discovery of America, I attach the images

the cable is a backstay, but honestly I don't know if it was already in use in the late 1400s,

also from this photo it seems that it is present on the replica of the Columbus ship,

and just because the material and information are few, requests for further information and additional information are welcome

 

I put the little man (with a nickname "sardine") near the griselle to see and compare the situation, surely the rise of 40 cm is not little but it is feasible.

to the next

black Wolf

[the learner]

Looking good, very professional build!

[luponero]

Having looked for images related to the model of Santa Maria taken from the studies carried out by Fernandez - Duro and from the construction plans of Adametz, stimulated me to deepen the research related to this model that was made in 1892 for the commemoration of the 4th centenary of the discovery from America, I managed to find some photos and honestly they seem very beautiful to me, the world of the internet allows you to carry out searches which, in the absence of this tool, would be very complex to carry out, some photos are taken from the historical archive of Canarias, others, I presume, that are from private individuals available on the net, even if some time and experience are necessary to carry out the research.
Certainly the photographs, even if "ancient", allow us to have "certainties" of some details of the model I am making, which surely is not what Columbus' carack should have been, given that there are few certainties on this medieval ship,
surely the photos found allow me to have "certainties"
relating to the model built in 1892 and which I am making

beginning from the oldest photo, it is a postcard from 1892 in which you can see the Santa Maria together with the other ships in the port of Tenerife

the following show the ship anchored at the port in 1893, people probably came to the dock to admire it

ready for navigation with the other two ships

dropped anchor

at full sail

detail of the stays of the major tree, called "fork"

construction updates will follow

black Wolf

[luponero]

I started with the realization of the hooks for the blocks made with brass wire and with tin welding, they will be put under some blocks

for the realization of the shrouds of the other two trees, the foresail and the after mast, I used the usual system, I reported on the 2mm plywood the drawing of the shrouds and ropes

always align the bigots to the "tarozzo" which is the first wooden step, in the shrouds made on the foresail in which there is a shroud formed by a row of simple ratlines

I also finished the stay of the major mast, creating the horizontal support in which the maneuvers of the bowsprit will be tied

I continued with the work for a few days, finishing the maneuvers, you know the shrouds and backstays, I am attaching a series of images that show the construction phases in progression

after finishing the rigging with the ratlines I removed the support

fixing them with bigots to put them under tension

details

to hear from you soon

black Wolf

 

 

[cog]

Mavelous work Luponero

[luponero]

I thank my friends for the appreciation and the "likes", both very welcome

The time had come to work on the scraps, both the forestay itself of the cage and the foresail tree, but before starting it was necessary to prepare smaller blocks than the previous ones, I made them with the usual system

but this time I used brass washers, left over from previous work, with a diameter of 1.5 mm

finish with the burnisher and straw oil

some details made previously are visible only in some circumstances of light and positioning of the hull, surely after the finished model they will be invisible, such as bilge pumps

After making the "twist" cable called "S"
I made the stay of the "cage" tree and I replaced the two blocks made on the straglio of the main tree with the smaller ones (also visible in the "ancient" photos of the Santa Maria)

the aluminum "hair clip" is used for hair by ladies, but in these cases it is also very useful for modeling

 

the forestay and the counter-stanchion of the foresail was then made (I don't know if the translator did a good translation ...)

I attach a series of photos related to the job perhaps they explain better

and with these I greet you,

wishing you a Happy and Merry Christmas

black Wolf

 

 

 

 

[american]

Happy and Merry Christmas to you too!!!

[Bob Legge]

Wonderful work, an interesting vessel.

[luponero]

After a long time I go back to the construction site,
more or less four months have passed since I finished the sleeping maneuvers, in this period I made the lifeboats (fourteen!) of the battleship Potemkin, it is a sailing model that we had to bring to the Veronese exhibition with the group of models in which I collaborate, so in January I started working on lifeboats with a "strong" rhythm to be ready for the exhibition, but at the end of February when I was almost finished the lifeboats the situation deriving from the covit 19 virus means that the exhibition did not take place, we were at the beginning ...
However,
now I have resumed the work on Santa Maria, the lifeboats will finish them later, then the resumption of the work began with the construction of the sails (I had to start again ...), to make them I used an old bed sheet for "children "made with cotton called" egg skin ", famous for being thin and soft, used to make clothes and sheets for" children "a lady gave it to me, my neighbor and the child who used it is now a man of forty years, time passes ...

to be more sure of the translation, I bring an image with an egg that indicates the parts that compose it, the cotton fabric called in Italy "egg skin" refers to the membranes

and the characteristic of being thin and soft, like the cotton used to make sheets and clothes for children, and in my case the sails of the ship.

 

for the realization I made some cardboard models to bring the shape of the sails onto the fabric,

after having reported the outline I have reported with the pencil the seams of the iron and the reinforcements, as in the drawings

carrying all the sails of the Santa Maria on the sheet

done this the next step was the beginning of the stitching, with thin Gutermann thread, of the lines of the stitching of the iron, which in reality should be double, but being in scale 1 to 50 it is almost impossible to double them because the distance between the seams, which in reality had to be about 10 cm, scaling it would mean making two straight seams at half a mm distance (impossible for me!)

so I decided to make only one seam, preferring simplicity to specular and impossible realization for myself,

see you next time

black Wolf

 

 

 

[luponero]

I thank my friends for the likes
and I keep updating the works,
in the construction plans of Adametez on the foresail and on the main sail, besides the classic crosses, there are the images depicting the coat of arms of the sovereigns of Spain and the Madonna with child, these representations are shown only in the model made by Adametz, on the book of Winter "Columbus' ships" in which Adametz's construction plans are attached, in the chapter on sailing equipment it is said that the image of the Madonna is taken from the "compass rose" of the Spanish world map of Juan de la Cosa, (owner and owner of the Santa Maria) the Latin inscription: Maris stella sucurre nobis (star of the sea bring us help) is taken from ecclesiastical verses and from the starry blue silk cloak of the emperor Frederick II,
what to say, surely in the "various" models of the Santa Maria there are numerous differences both structural and ornamental, giving this beautiful boat charm and mystery,
I am attaching some images relating to the planisphere of Juan de la Cosa

Planisphere of Juan de la Cosa, the Carta de marear or Mapa mundi, hand-painted parchment dated 1500 made vertically with the west facing north. It contains the first known representation of the territories discovered by Christopher Columbus and other navigators up to the 1500s. Cuba appears as an island and just above are the Abaco Islands with the name Habacoa and the Florida peninsula. The chart is on display in the Naval Museum of Madrid.

The paper is drawn on two joined pieces of parchment and measures 96 × 183 cm. The upper part of the paper, the west, is rounded due to the shape of the skin of the animal with which the parchment was made. At the top there is Saint Christopher depicted crossing the river with the baby Jesus, probably a reference to Christopher Columbus. 

.

Below it, an inscription indicates the author's name: Juan de la cosa la fizo en el puerto de S: maa en año de 1500

The map is made up of two panels. On the one hand there are Europe, Africa and Asia. On the other hand, the New World found by Colombo between 1492 and 1500. The two panels are designed on different scales, with the new world on a larger scale. It was built in Puerto de Santa Maria in Andalusia in 1500.

e per finire il ritratto (museo di Madrid) e il mosaico (realizzato nella sua città natale, Santoña da Juan de la Cosa

 

ma prima della realizzazione delle immagini sulle vele era necessario rifinire l'equipaggiamento delle vele realizzate con pelle d'uovo, per dare un colore più appropriato

Riporto l'immagine delle vele che sono state appena cucite, le rughe del tessuto sono causate dalla tensione del filo con cui ho realizzato le cuciture

Ho allungato il panno e l'ho immerso nel tè nero che avevo preparato aggiungendo pigmenti color terra ocra, per saturare ulteriormente l'aspetto

Ho cucito i vari rinforzi della vela che successivamente metterò rinforzando i bordi,

Non so quale forma darò alle vele, se le riempirò di venti "alisei", o lievemente calmo, comunque metto il filo di rame all'interno del rinforzo, ne avrò bisogno in seguito per fare le varie pieghe e forme,

Inserisco le immagini della preparazione della vela a gabbia, realizzate anche sulle altre

con colla in tessuto gutermann ho incollato i rinforzi precedentemente cuciti creando un piccolo bordo senza difficoltà, passando il filo di rame al loro interno

ovviamente manca ancora molto lavoro per finire le vele ...

arrivederci alla prossima

lupo nero

 

 

 

 

 

 

[luponero]

Thanks for your appreciation, I apologize for the chaos with the translator that I did previously.

The next step was
the realization of the hull of the sails made, it is the flat cable that reinforces the edge of the sail and I do not deny that in my opinion it is one of the most "boring" processes in the realization of a model, both for the amount of time and for the repetitive continuity of the movements: the seam of the cable on the edge of the sail, passing the thread of the seam inside the cable, precisely on the highest strand, of the three that make up the flat cable, with respect to the edge of the sail. .. which is not easy for myself.

The construction phases began with the creation of the cable, (hoping that the translator will allow me to translate technical terms) the cable that reinforces the edge of the sail, called "ralinga" ( leech rope)

it is a large flat cable (which is twisted to the "right"), one of the most common problems when self-making cables, is that the wires (strands) that are used to make the cables are commonly twisted to right for which they are useful for the realization of the "twisted" cables that are twisted on the left (like the hawsers and shrouds) for the realization of the flat cables (the most common in the ropes) wires (strands) twisted on the left would be needed, uncommon thing to find, (only "scotland" cotton is twisted to the left) so it is necessary to twist the threads from right to left and then make the flat cable, one of the things I had to do using a placed screwdriver on a small manual stranding machine and then twist the three strands in the opposite way to obtain the flat cables for the various sails then the cable is sewn using a darker thread, it is necessary that the thread used to sew the reinforcement cable of the edge of the sail passes inside the cable itself, near the corners of the sail it is necessary to make, always with the cable the "clews" to make the cable stand out more during the seam I moistened the fingers in the stain that I had used the days before for the construction of the sails, so by manually twisting the upper part it looks darker than the others, surely staying at home allowed me to stay more "behind" my hobbies, photos, vegetable garden and modeling but with the latter I think I will give the first signs of  "dotage"  since I indicatively need about ten hours between twisting and sewing for each sail,
some photos taken during sewing, 

this is the job after five days spent "sewing"

detail of the foresail

I'm not done yet I miss the mainsail with the bonnets a couple of full days, I'm going to check if the battery of the screwdriver has been recharged to twist the wires from left to right and make the flat cable
(if any of the friends can show me the brands of twisted threads on the left, it would do me a favor) 

 

 

see you next time

black Wolf