50' 1888 Gaff-rigged Ice Yacht by Jack12477 - FINISHED - 1:24 scale

[Jack12477]

John, thanks. Had not thought of the O-rings.  I have a good hardware store in the village that carries just about everything, I'll have a look there.

[michael mott]

The drone video of the sailing was very interesting. I am wondering about the way the Ice is so flat and clear of snow, the lakes here never seem to get that way. Also what is the thickness of the ice and the average temperature in the area?

 

Michael

[Jack12477]

Michael, we've had some very weird winter weather here this season with temperatures going from below 0 F to as high as 72-74 F in January.  To try and answer your specific question about the ice. 

 

Orange Lake is located Northwest of the city of Newburgh NY; it's a relatively small shallow lake measuring 1 mile by 1.5 miles with a depth of 9 feet.  The ice thickness the first 3 weeks in February measured 12 inches, safe to support the boats.  As to how it got so smooth and snow free:  We had a warming spell in late January which made the surface of the ice mushy so the boats stayed of it so as not to carve deep ruts in it.  This was followed by a 3 inch snowfall, followed by a slight warming with a day of heavy rain, and then a deep freeze (10-20 F at night). This combination resulted in the snow melting, filling in the existing black ice base, leveling it, then refreezing into the smooth surface you see in the video. Altho it was not completely "glass smooth"; it did have a few "rough spots" but the length of the boat's runner blade tends to smooth out the ride.  And there were patches of frozen "snow ice" mixed it with the black ice.

 

This is the typical ice formation pattern/process we experience here in the valley and it results in a very smooth level sheet of ice.  On the river this sheet can be 14-16 inches thick, 1 mile to 1.5 miles wide (width of river outside the shipping channel) and 4-6 miles north-south on the river.  The section of the river by me between the city of Kingston NY and Saugerties Village is roughly 2 miles wide, including the commercial shipping channel which in this area runs very close to the western shore giving us a very wide open area along the eastern shore for sailing.

 

Earlier in the season we had expectations of being back on the river ice which had frozen to a thickness of 2 feet in December-January but was very hummocked and not suitable for sailing; unfortunately while we waited for the river ice to smooth out (which it will do over time) we got hit with the mid-January extreme warm-up (70-72 F) which caused the ice sheets to separate,  then wind, tide and river current quickly cleared the river of any ice - much to the delight of the Coast Guard ice breaker crews and commercial shippers who had been fighting to keep the shipping channel ice free.

 

The last time we had good ice on the river for sailing was in March 2014 (when the video of the launch of the NJ Ice Yacht Rocket was filmed).  The ice on that day was 14-16 inches thick and we had an ice sheet along the entire eastern shoreline for several miles north-south.

 

Generally speaking our winters here tend to range from 15-25 F at night to mid-to-upper 30s F during the day with the occasional 4-5 consecutive days of sub-zero nighttime temperatures and occasionally 40-45 F daytime temperature. This winter has been abnormal in temperature swings. In fact as I type this response the weather forecast is for 3 inches of snow Friday into Saturday.

[Mark Pearse]

At the speeds these craft manage, the ride on bumpy ice must be pretty raw.

[Jack12477]

38 minutes ago, Mark Pearse said:

At the speeds these craft manage, the ride on bumpy ice must be pretty raw.

Yes and No ! 

 

The runner plank (cross plank) has a bow (curvature) in it starting at mid-section and running out to the runners on each side which allows quite a bit of flex in the plank which in turn smooths things quite out a bit.  Think of the old leaf springs that used to be on the rear axle of cars, sort of the same principle, except it's at right angles to the backbone (keel) which allows each runner to independently flex upward.  In addition the stern rudder has a rubber bushing to absorb some shock. But if you hit a section where the ice has cracked and lifted (ridge) you can get quite a jolt when the stern goes over it.  The length of the runner (skate) also acts to cushion the ride and the skate will pivot vertically on the bolt. 

 

But generally speaking we try to avoid really rough ice and stick to place where the sun and other elements have worked to smooth the surface.   Replacing a broken runner plank is not as easy as running down to the local lumber store and picking up a new plank.  There's a lot of work that goes into making a new runner plank.

[mtaylor]

Your "suspension", as such, sounds like the old single leaf spring on the early Fords... transverse from wheel to wheel.  

[Jack12477]

Small update:  I completed the stern rudder. the o-ring suggested by John (Jhearl) worked great and looks convincing from a distance.   I decided to glue the two halves of the backbone together including inserting the lower half thru the runner plank truss.  To keep the runner plank in alignment guy wires are connected from the bow to each side of the runner plank approximately 3/4 of the length from the back bone; additional guy wires secure the runner plank to the stern.  The longitudinal guy wire which runs under the backbone from bow to stern was also added.  (The two guys wires running from the stern to aft edge of runner have yet to be installed).

 

 

 

[cog]

Nice work Jack. Your soldering has improved too

[Jack12477]

Moving on, I've assembled the boat, attached all the guy wires to the backbone/runner plank. Installed the mast step, and jib traveler, installed the tiller and it is functional - it does turn.  Started working on the mast. Installed the 1st four "cleats" for the shrouds, painted the upper section white, rest is stained Golden Oak and covered with high gloss poly.  Still more work to do on the mast. And need to construct the boom, jib club foot and gaff. The mast is only press fit into the mast step for now so I can remove it and continue working on it off-boat.

 

Our ice yacht club is having our end of season pot luck dinner this Saturday;  I'm going to take the model with me and hope to get some feedback from the group, especially the members of the New Jersey club who actually own the boat I'm modeling.

 

Progress photos follow:

 

Overall photo of boat

 

Mast step with Cleats

 

 

Basket with "chicken bar", tiller and stern runner.

 

 

Added the rope wrap to the tiller handle.  (Sorry for the blurriness - camera won't focus any closer)

 

 

Fore and aft stabilizer guy wires - prevents runner plank from racking and getting out of alignment with the backbone (perpendicular  to backbone)

 

 

Jib traveler

 

Edited April 12, 2018 by Jack12477

[cog]

Love how she is taking shap Jack. Nice work on the brass fittings too

[michael mott]

Looking good Jack. and Thanks for the information about the ice.

 

Michael

[Jack12477]

How are Ice Yachts Measured and Classified?  The Classification is by sail area. 

 

In the early 1900's a gentleman named H. Percy Ashley wrote a series of articles for Rudder Magazine  documenting the ice yachts of his day, including several articles titled "How to Build an Ice Yacht";  in these articles (which I've been using as reference material) he describes two different but very similar Classification systems (which are still used today). 

 

The first system he describes divides them into 4 classes.  Class 1 - measuring 600 square feet of sail area and over; Class 2 - measuring 450 square feet of sail area and under 600 square feet; Class 3 - measuring 300 square feet of sail area and under 450 square feet; Class 4 -  measuring less than 300 square feet of sail area.   Boats in each class display the class number on their sail.

 

In the second system he describes the classification and letter carried on their sails  as follows: Class A - measuring 600 square feet of sail area and over; Class B - measuring 450 square feet of sail area;  Class C - measuring 400 square feet of sail area; Class D - measuring 350 square feet of sail area; Class E - measuring 300 square feet of sail area; Class F - measuring 250 square feet of sail area; Class G - measuring 200 square feet and below.  Boats in each class display the class letter on their sail.

 

Both of these classifications were in effect in 1913.  I do not know why there are two different but very similar systems.  Most people today use the classifications interchangeably.

 

The Rocket and the Jack Frost are both Class 1 (or Class A) boats with over 900 square feet of sail area each.

Edited April 17, 2018 by Jack12477

[Jack12477]

Over the last few days I made the shackles for the lower dead-eyes for the shrouds attached them to the eyebolts in the the runner plank with 0-80 x 1/4 inch hex head bolts and nuts. And YES they were a PITA to get those tiny nuts threaded onto the bolts. Also added the screws to secure the chocks to the plank.   The shackles were made from 20 gauge copper wire.

 

[Jack12477]

I temporarily installed the mast and upper and lower shrouds to make sure they fit correctly.  The shrouds were made from jewelry bead stringing wire seized with standard black sewing thread. Photos follow.  My next challenge is to figure out how to do the lift cable that support the gaff, they are placed 13 inches apart and 15 inches down from the tip of the gaff. The last photo below is a blow up of the actual gaff.

 

 

Blow-up of the actual gaff, showing the lift cables.

 

[cog]

Nice progress Jack. That gaff will be a bit of a challenge

[Jack12477]

Just a short update to let you all know I'm still here.  No modeling for a while as I was in Sick Bay with a pollen induced sinus infection.  When we went from winter to summer (i.e. 30 F to 92 F) in just over 2 days all the pollen suddenly burst out setting off my allergies again.  But I have not been completely idle. I have been practicing (best way to describe it) making shackles from 20 ga copper wire; also pouring over photographs to try and determine how the rigging flows.  Will post a few photos of my attempts in a few days.

Edited May 13, 2018 by Jack12477

[Landlocked123]

Get well Jack! 

 

[Jack12477]

Well after several days of pouring over photographs, cropping sections, enlarging, printing, more cropping, more enlarging, more printing I finally figured out how the boom was rigged and more importantly how the double block traveler worked. The traveler rides along a steel cable strung underneath the boom end-to-end.  At the stern end of the traveler a 3/8 inch line is attached which is fed back thru a single block at the extreme stern end of the boom back thru another single block affixed to the boom just in front of the cockpit then down thru a single block affixed to the backbone just in front of the basket. This is used to pull the traveler back towards the stern.  Affixed to the mast side of the traveler is a 1/2 inch (or maybe 5/8 inch) line which runs thru a double block at the mast end of the boom back thru the traveler and back to the mast end block then finally thru a single block affixed to the mast below the boom. This line then leads back to the basket and is used to pulled the traveler forward.  This combination is needed to control the boom under sail due to the massive weight of the sail plus boom plus the forces exerted by the wind. 

 

The shackles were constructed using 22 gauge bronze colored copper jewelry wire - tried making a jig to do this but that turned into a disaster, so I then tried doing it with a pair of rounded needle nose pliers, got passable results but a lot of discards (too big or too small).  To fasten the shackles to the blocks I used 00-90 hex head bolts and nuts. To fasten the boom to the mast I used 0-80 hex bolt and nut. The blocks are Chuck's (Syren) 1/4 inch internally stropped single and double blocks, which I think look super - not hard to assemble, but you do have to pay careful attention while assembling them.  Tried the ModelExpo tumbler but I think the 100 grit paper is way to coarse - nearly destroyed a couple of practice blocks - so I resorted to hand sanding them with some flexible, sponge ultra narrow sanding sticks I picked up in Hobby Lobby.   To simulate the 1:1 rope I used Chuck's (Syren) 0.018 for the 3/8ths rope and 0.025 for the 1/2-5/8ths size.

 

Photos follow: First the 1:1 photos showing traveler

 

My implementation:

 

 

Next step is to rig the gaff then install it. After that it's measure the dimensions of the main sail and have the Admiral sew a sail for me, then install it. 

[popeye the sailor]

hey there Jack.......coming along nicely      quite a bit of rigging that  goes into one of these!

[Jack12477]

Thanks Denis.  Yes there is a lot of rigging on these boats.

 

Well, small (or maybe major) catastrophe last night after posting - I was tidying up the lines and blocks on the boom last night and somehow managed to snap the tab that holds the boom to the mast band off the band.  The solder joint broke.  Now I have to see if I can reattach it to the band without destroying the mast itself.  If not then I have to completely disassemble the mast and make a new mast band.  I did use silver solder when I made the mast band.  The failed part is the piece held in the jaws of the alligator clip in the photos below.

 

  Two steps forward and then twenty steps backwards

 

 

[davyboy]

Jack,this is a really interesting build of an unusual subject and a good job you are making of it too. Hope you can easily repair the boom attachment,Murphy's Law strikes again   I imagine it's a pretty exhilarating experience sailing a full sized Ice Yacht at 40 - 50 MPH with your rump about a foot above the ice.

 

Dave  

[kees de mol]

Very interesting build of this beautifull (Dutch) transportation device. Last winter I have seen some ice yachts her in holland. Pretty impressive.

[cog]

Ah, Jack, 't-is a wee bit awkard, but you'll get used to it ... one step forward two steps back ... You do, however, get a fair bit of practise!!!

[Jack12477]

Thanks, Dave.  I did manage to get it re-soldered without destroying the mast.

 

Yes, it is a very exhilarating experience, especially on the largest boat (like the Rocket I'm modeling).  When the boat tacks, the sails luff, boat slows way down, once the turn is complete and the boom swings around and the sails catch the wind, the acceleration is unbelievable.  A handful of our club members have sailed our club boat, the 50 ft Jack Frost, on Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire at speeds between 80 - 95 MPH (could easily do 100 MPH) and tell me that is a scary but exhilarating experience; of course they had a 16 mile run down the lake on dead flat smooth ice.

[Jack12477]

Thanks Kees !  Yes, we do love your Dutch contribution to American recreation   

 

Carl (@COG) would you post here in my build log those photos you sent me of the Dutch ice yachts you saw this past winter in Netherlands. I'm sure others would like to see the Dutch boats (along with the American DN car-topable small ice boat that somehow made its way to Netherlands)

[cog]

As per "royal" request

 

 

[Jack12477]

Thanks Carl.

 

For those not familiar - the ice boats shown in photos 1 & 2 are very similar to the style of Dutch craft brought to America in the early 1800s by the Dutch settlers who used them to sail the frozen waters of the Hudson River delivering goods and other cargo to the cities and towns along the river. These craft were later adapted by Americans to the craft I am modeling today.  Note that the boat in Carl's photos is a flat boat sail boat set into/onto a "cradle" with ice "skates". This "cradle" became the basis for the Hudson River Ice Yacht designs, i.e., backbone and runner plank configured in the shape of a cross.

 

The small ice boat(s) seen in photos 3, 5 6, 8 with the front steering (rudder in front - bow area) is a American DN Class - named for the Detroit News (paper) which in 1930 sponsored a design contest to create a easily transported (e.g., car roof top) ice boat. The DN is the boat that won that design competition; the boat is very popular here in the States and I guess has also made its way to Europe or at least the Netherlands, judging from Carl's photos.

 

Thanks again Carl.

Edited May 20, 2018 by Jack12477

[Mark Pearse]

Hi Jack

 

I had to resolder some joints that had broken in a difficult position & managed to control the excess heat by using small pieces of wet rag wrapped around the bits I wanted to protect, & put the solid head on the flame torch. 

 

On the unusual main sheet system, I have some thoughts on why it's set up that way. It's effectively a double ended main sheet, so that the boom adjustment has either speed of adjustment or power. If you want to pull the boom in quickly & there's not much load you use the aft sheet, then when the wind load comes on you would use the forward tackle at 6:1 or whatever it is. You'd have to keep an eye on where the sliding block sat & not let it get too far forward or back, maybe there's a way of locking off the boom & resetting the position of the sliding block during a long leg. 

 

A question: on the actual ice yacht, what are the skids made from?

 

thanks, Mark

[Jack12477]

Hi Mark, yes I have to ask the guys in the NJ club how that boom sheet works.   I have seen it under sail and I know the guys are working up a sweat controlling the boom.

 

If by skids, you mean the "runners"; the upper part is quartered white oak 4 1/4 inches high at center by 2 1/2 inches wide by (on this boat) 5 feet in length, the part that contacts the ice  is a soft cast iron skate/shoe sharpened at a 45 degree angle on both sides(cutting edge) with a depth of 2 3/4 inches. This cast iron shoe is fastened into the wood runner with 4 - machine screws 1/2 inch in diameter.  The stern (steering) runner is the same dimension except slightly shorter in length. This boat (Rocket) has two sets of fore runners - a 5 ft and 7 ft long set.  Since this is a 50 ft boat the runners are much longer than on a smaller boat but the runner is the same overall dimension except for length. The shortest fore runner is about 4 feet in length.  And they are heavy - at least 100 pounds (US) each.

 

Update:   Mark, here's a close-up of a typical runner blade. This is the stern runner off a smaller boat, Manhassett, which is undergoing restoration by our club (HRIYC).  It's much smaller than the runners on the Rocket but is typical of their design.

 

Edited May 22, 2018 by Jack12477

[Mark Pearse]

thanks Jack, that's very interesting. It's hard to imagine, but does the tiller kick a lot? A metal tiller with the unforgiving nature of ice...

 

Also, it's fascinating to see that the sail shapes are so similar to the boats of the same period & yet the demands would be more different than it seemed at first glance - at the incredible speeds they go the apparent wind is almost always going to be well forward & strong to very strong, maybe even 50 or 60+ knots apparent. You'd not get that very often on the water & yet the sails & spars look like you could just drop them straight into a boat....They must be a blast to sail on.