SJSoane

Hi Michael, Great tutorial on drilling small holes. I searched around for better drill bits last year, and thought I had made a great discovery of carbide drills with common shank sizes to fit my Foredom collet. But they all broke on the very first use. Back to the steel wire bits. When you say, buy the best you can afford, what brand are you using? Best wishes, Mark

Thanks, Christian, I'll post a few more drawings when I have a little more to show. I am drafting in CAD right now to clarify some issues coming up in the build, so they are not yet in a finished form. But someday I may develop a full set of the drawings, just because it would be fun to do! Alex, I read your comment again, and realized that you were talking about the unusual planking butt in the main wale. I was just at a workshop with David Antscherl, and he noticed the same thing when I showed him the drawings. It turns out that I faithfully copied the planking arrangement for the main wale from a NMM photo I have of the original 1760 Bellona model (the one I show photographs of earlier in my build log). It does seem odd, and not the strongest way of planking this wale. Since this particular model shows two different ways of framing, port and starboard, perhaps this was also a way of showing a proposed change to wale planking? I decided when I started this project that I would be as faithful as I could to the original 1760 model, and so I decided to include this distinctive detail. As it turns out, I have discovered a number of discrepancies between this model and the drawings done at the same time. A very complex history! I have not been able to look closely at the 1780s model of the Bellona, to see if the main wale in that model has this same pattern. Best wishes, Mark

Thanks, Alex, the shift of the planks, while avoiding gunports, has been challenging for me! Best wishes, Mark

HI everyone, I forgot to mention that my gun drafting came as part of re-drafting the Bellona in CAD. Here are a couple of screen shots of progress so far.... Best wishes, Mark

Hi Siggi and druxey, Here is the passage regarding the three sections to a barrel: "It is a universal custom in Europe to make the guns with reinforces; that is, they are, as it were, made of three frustrums of cones joined together, so as the least base of the former is always greater than the greatest of the succeeding one, whereby the metal breaks off in two places on a sudden, a the reader has seen in the construction of pieces given here before. But since powder acts uniformly and not by starts, it is hard to judge from whence this ridiculous custom has arisen, which seems to be as old as the invention of guns....Since then powder acts gradually and not by starts, there should be no breaking off in the metal..the piece should be cylindric, from the base ring to the end of the charge, and from thence, by the nature of the explosion, a curve line bending inwards quite to the mouth of the piece..." pp 38-9. He is describing the guns as they came to be in the early to mid 19th century, where the outer barrel is a smooth curved surface not broken by these old mouldings. And he was writing maybe 75 years before this became common practice. Best wishes, Mark

Hi Siggi, Here is the diagram from Muller's Treatise on Artillery, from Google books online. It would cause it the gun and carriage to jump up, since the line of force is along AB, and it is resisted at D. Someone more knowledgable than I am would need to say if this would make any difference at all. Best wishes, Mark

Thanks, Mark, druxey and Siggi. It is always nice to get some affirmation on those many moments when you have to make educated guesses on historical information. I forgot to mention that the Muller book was exceptionally interesting as a glimpse into the early dawn of the industrial age in Great Britain in the mid 18th century. He dutifully reports on the proper, historically received proportions for guns. But he then complains about how arbitrary these are, not based in reason or fact. Some examples: After explaining that the proportions given apply to all sizes of cannon, he says "The reader may easily perceive the perplexity of these constructions, arising from the different scale that are used with the least necessity. That the greatest part of the mouldings should have the same dimensions, from a 3 pounder to one of 32, appear contrary to reason..." He then complains that experiments on a 24 pounder for weight of powder and distance and trajectory, were then extrapolated to other sizes of guns without then testing these. He also complained about the location of the trunnions so that the top of the trunnion is located at the center of the cannon. He said "...it is so absurd, that is is amazing no author or artist has thought proper to change it...to show the absurdity of it, suppose AB to present the center line of the bore, and CD the distance of the center line of the trunnions from that of the bore. Now because when the piece is fired, the explosion acts against the breech B, and makes the piece recoil, but being fixed to the carriage by the trunnions, endeavours to turn about the point D....the piece therefore acquires a pendulous motion about the center D." And he complains about the tradition of breaking the cannon into three different diameter cone shapes (first and second reinforce, chace), because powder does not explode in stages but rather continuously, suggesting a design for a cannon with no breaks in its profile. I think we see here the first signs of challenging traditions handed down for their own sake, and proposing a more scientific view of designing ordnance. Of course, this kind of thinking eventually leads to artifacts more functional than beautiful. Or, perhaps we eventually find a different kind of beauty in more functional objects. But then I wonder why so many of us are drawn to the beauty of these pre-Industrial Revolution artifacts? I love how history provides endless opportunities to ponder the great imponderables! Mark

Hi everyone, A long time away from the shipyard. I last got the deck clamps in before the winter humidity in Colorado drops dramatically, and I will have to wait until spring to start on the main wales when the humidity comes back to match what it was when the clamps went in. So, I am backing and filling for a while.... I learned about sail making from Greg Herbert and David Antscherl's workshop this December, and may post some pictures of my sail efforts for the Bellona at some point when I have something to show. It was a terrific workshop. I highly recommend it. In the meantime, I am working on the 32# guns for the Bellona's gundeck. I spent a fair amount of time researching guns that would be appropriate to ca. 1760. I may have this wrong, but I believe the guns at this time were based on a pattern developed by Surveyor General of Ordnance, General John Armstrong, in the 1720s. This was updated slightly by Charles Frederick in 1753. And the dimensions were given in John Muller's Treatise on Ordnance of 1768. Using Google books, I was able to reproduce the gun and carriage for a 32 pound cannon. The details are a little different from ones more commonly found in the 1770s in a number of modeling books. The most obvious are that the cascable is shorter, with a compressed set of moldings behind the base ring. Also, the transom on the carriage is vertical over the fore axtree (which looks very much easier to build than the angled ones seen later). And the stool does not sit on a thick bolster, but rather a rather thin vertical plank. It looks a little fragile compared to later carriages. I pasted my gun and carriage over a scanned image of a cross section showing the guns in Falconer's Dictionary of the Marine from the 1760s. The Armstrong/Muller details lined up almost exactly with the Falconer drawing. The only difference is that I had to reduce the height of the carriage body by about 1 1/2" to get the cannon at the right height relative to the gunport, matching the Falconer height (which is the same as the Bellona's). Also, the Falconer drawing shows an elongated neck for the ball at the end of the cascable. I could not find any other examples of this in other resources, so I stuck with the drawing in Muller's book. Interestingly, the drawing in the Muller book does not match the text, regarding the length of the cascable; the text calls for something longer than the drawing shows, probably getting closer to Falconer's drawing. But I could not draw this convincingly without further information. The text also explains a method for determining the length of the body, which does not match the length given in a table. Research from primary sources sometimes has its challenges! I spent some time working out the dimensions for the cannon, relative to one origin. You will see one set of dimensions in purple, aligned to the first and second reinforce which is a 1 degree taper. The second set in orange aligns with the chace, whose angle is 1.5 degrees. I hope to use this to turn a master on the lathe, and then try casting the 28 guns required. Stay tuned! Best wishes, Mark

This is so inspiring to see, Michael. I didn't know such a thing was possible. Merry Christmas! Mark

Siggi, I love your christmas tree on the gun deck. I didn't see details for that in the Bellona drawings. Are those authentic 18th century decorations on the tree? ;-) Happy holidays to you! Mark

I notice the little cruise boat going by in the background. They must have had a surprise when the gun was run out! Nice photos. Mark

Turbocad Deluxe for the Mac might be a little different, but I have learned the following about importing JPEGs: To scale it, you need to determine a length on the JPEG that you know, like a set distance between a number of frames. Draw a line to that size in Turbocad. Place one end of the line at one end of the distance you know (like the left end of the set of frames you have measured), over the JPEG. You will have to select your new line and bring it to the front (Edit, Arrange, Bring Forward), or it will be covered up by the JPEG. This caused me a great deal of frustration until I finally figured this out. Choose Modify, Transform, Scale from the top menu. You then choose a point on the JPEG that will not move (like the left end of the set of frames), then you choose the right end of the set of frames, and then you choose the right end of the line you drew. Turbocad will shrink the JPEG so the right end point on the JPEG matches the right end of the line you drew, and the left ends stay constant to each other. You can do this several times if things don't quite line up at first. Mark

michael, Wow....it looks as detailed as full size. Amazing. Mark

Sherry, I just caught up on your build log. It is looking very good indeed. Nicely done! Mark

Greg, After seeing this ship close up at your recent sail-making workshop with David Antscherl, it was fun to re-read the build log and see it underway. It is even more impressive in real life than the photos, which are already fantastic! Mark

Michael, this is becoming a master class in metal work. I don't even understand some of the things you are doing, but watching how you make the parts is fascinating. Mark

Ed, the planking is really beginning to show off the lines well. What a beautiful design. Mark

Michael, there are no words left to describe how wonderful this is.... Mark

Gaetan, everything flows together beautifully. The French were definitely more artistic in their designs than the English..... Mark

Michael, we are all spellbound. This hardly seems possible by human hands and tools at this scale.

Hi Siggi, I came to the same conclusion that the rollers would not have been used in the 1760s. I am curious to see if the rudder lines go slack because they do not follow a continuous curve with the sweep of the tiller. We will find out when you build this! I somehow missed that there were cabins on the gundeck. Do you know the source of those drawings in your photo? My drawing of the Bellona shows a dotted line for moving bulkheads on the quarter deck from their original position, in the inboard works drawing. I will look again at the gundeck drawing to see if there is a hint of a cabin o not. Best wishes, Mark

Michael, I am at a loss for words to describe how incredible this engine building is looking. Your metal skills are beyond my comprehension. It sounds like you had some great teachers, but I have no doubt you were an exceptional pupil! Mark

Hi Mark, The side view shows a sweet curve fore and aft and transversally. Nicely done! Mark

Beautiful, beautiful, Ed. A joy to watch. I heard the same thing from British friends about Thanksgiving when I lived in London. But I couldn't find the fixings for a Thanksgiving dinner either in November or July. Guy Fawkes bonfires more than made up for it! ;-) Mark

I also use the Lie-Nielsen model maker planes, as well as the small block plane, and they are a joy to use. I endorse the idea of "buy quality tools once" for life. I spent way too much in earlier years on "make-do" tools that I later had to throw or give away. My son will inherit these tools, and they will be good for another life!