Roger Pellett

If you have your heart set on building a plank on frame model as your first effort, I recommend the Hahn system which provides a datum to align pre fabricated frames. The Ancre method involves cutting out and erecting many separate frame segments on the keel.  While the Ancre method more resembles construction of a real ship, Hahn's system is a great introduction to POF modeling.

Hahn was a prolific writer and in addition to publishing two books, many of his articles can be found in the Nautical Research Journal- check the on line index.  The NRG is about to republish the first volume of their Shop Notes and this includes an article by Hahn describing his method as well as patterns for building on of his Revolutionary War era schooners.

When Hahn built his models he used an 8in table saw with hollow ground veneer blades, not a miniature saw.  I built a POF model of the New York Pilot Boat Anna Marie with good results from Chapelle plans using Hahn's system and 8in table saw.  

Hahn's early models were built from maple, not box or pear wood.  If you are an experienced modeler, I don't think that you need to buy a kit.

Roger

I'm sorry but must disagree with Chuck's comment above.  With the main sheet traveler located below the tiller it would be impossible to either tack or gybe the boat.  I do have primary source information of a longboat traveler located above the tiller- the Admiralty draught of the rigged longboat shown on page of 90 of W.E. May's Boats of Men of War.  I cannot explain the traveler arrangement on the period built rigged models cited, but real boats could not be sailed with this rig.

Roger

Great model!  How did you make the brass letters on the stern?

Roger

I agree with Welfalk.  The winch in the photo is a Jarvis brace winch. The double drum arrangement allowed the brace on one side to be wound in while the other paid out.  There is a good discussion of these winches in John Harland's book Capstans and Windlasses.  Closer to home (for you) Allen Villers has written about these from a sailor's point of view.  See his  The Way of a Ship.

Roger

If you know someone who has original archival materials from the Browns relative to the construction of the Lake Erie brigs, that would be a major find.

Roger

In purchasing the five volume set of books about the archaeology excavations at Red Bay in Canada, I wound up with a duplicate copy of Volume III.  For modelers this is the best of the five volumes as it contains complete information about the galleon that was recovered and documented.  It includes a reconstructed lines drawing as well as longitudinal and cross sections, isometric assembly drawings and details of many parts.  An envelope on the back cover includes a separate large scale fold out drawing.

The book measures approximately 8in x 11 in and is 319 pages long.  It includes 100's of photos as well as drawings.

The book is brand new, never read, and the galleon is a perfect subject for an accurate model of the period.

i am willing to trade this for a similar maritime history book.  Send me a PM if interested.

Roger

Can I offer something for trade?

Roger

50 years ago the wood of choice of professional model builders carving models for the University of Michigan's ship model towing tank (now called their Marine Hydrodynamics Lab) was "pattern makers pine."  This stuff came in beautiful, long, clear, straight grained lengths. The models towed in the tank were large- 8 or so feet long.  Today, the models are styrofoam core fiberglass made by outside contractors.

So what is pattern makers pine?  One Internet site that I looked at said that Northern White Pine was used for patterns.  This is the stuff being recovered from the bottom of Lake Superior near Bayfield WI.  Living in Maine and Illinois you should be able to find some at a small mill.

The other possibility would be western Sugar Pine.  Our local Menards store has been carrying some nice 5/4 lumber that I believe is sugar pine.

The preferred way to build a large solid hull is from laminations to minimize chances for warping and cracking.

Roger

Does anyone who has built this Model or is otherwise interested in the subject understand why the kit manufacturer chose the to show this boat with a round stern?  Existing contemporaneous drawings show these craft with square sterns.

Roger

A number of years ago I bought a set of tiny end mills from my local hobby shop.  They were carbide mills sold by Drill Bit City that had been recycled from printed circuit board manufacturers.  I tried to use them to mill brass and everyone of them broke.  I have not tried to use them since.

i tend to be heavy handed, so perhaps I was too aggressive with them, but these Drill Bit City carbide mills seemed awfully brittle.

Roger

Gerhardt/ John, Thanks to each of you for your kind remarks regarding my Passaic Class monitor model.  It is interesting to watch two models of USS Cairo being built simultaneously to high standards.

Regarding authentic Civil War ship's boat details.  The best photo that I have found that shows a US Navy ship's boat up close is one taken by James Brady of USS Onondaga in the James River in 1864.  The photo shows a group of soldiers or marines in what appears to be a small cutter up close with the Onondaga in the background.  Google Onondaga and you will find it.

The photo shows the distinctive sheer strake design that I mentioned above, and the brass castings that formed the openings in the wash strake for the oars.  If you are ordering photo etched parts you might want to include a supply of these.

Also interesting is the variety of boats moored along side Onondaga.

The Civil War navy museum in Columbus, GA has a Ship's boat from USS Hartford and there is a photo on their website.  Hartford, however, had a very long life and photos of many of these Civil War Ship's that survived into the 1900's show them outfitted with standard 1900 pattern boats.  Additional research of this boat is in order.

Roger

Personal Experience!!  For working on carved hulls you need to buy a carver's glove or at least a heavy knit glove to protect your hands.  Use this to protect the hand that is not holding the tool.  One slip with a sharp chisel and you are on your way to the emergency room.

Roger

The whole subject of US Navy ships boats supplied to the fleet prior to 1900 is a bit of a black hole.  Prior to the late 1890's ships boats were not standardized, being designed by the boat shops at each navy yard.  The boats from Chapelle's book were designed at the Washington Navy Yard and those for Jerry Todd's Constellation at the Norfolk Navy Yard.  There are boat allowances that at least specify overall dimensions  for boats allowed to be carried by different classes.  See, for example, William Brady's Kedge Anchor.  A 26ft launch is to have a breadth of 7.4ft and a depth of 3.4ft.  A 26ft cutter a breadth of 6.6ft and a depth of 2.4ft (this dimension might not include the cutter's wash strake).  Complicating this fact is that we don't know where the boats for the river gunboats came from.  Were they built at St Louis or were they supplied by one of the Navy yards?  Additionally complicating things is the fact that the gunboat fleet was originally controlled by the Army, later transferred to the Navy.  Boats were subject to hard usage and were always being knocked about, so the lifetime of an individual boat might have been short.

I thought that you might enjoy photos of a 26ft cutter and a boat howitzer that I built for my 1:96 scale model of the monitor USS Catskills.

Cutter/Launch: In British and US Navy usage, a vessel's launch was a heavy workboat equipped with a windlass.  It was especially intended for handling anchors.  To do this British launches were equipped removable stern davits.  American launches of the Civil War were equipped with bow and stern rollers for handling heavy lines but they did not have stern davits.  US Navy launches of the period were equipped with a pair of pluggable openings near the windlass for passing lines through the bottom of the boat.  When in use, a copper funnel or "trunk" was screwed into the opening.  Launches typically were not fitted with wash strakes. The top two hull strakes on Civil War US Navy ships' boats employed a distinctive ship lap planking detail that shows up on period photographs.  This detail is described in Theodore Wilson's shipbuilding book.  Constellation's launch posted by Jerry Todd shows the characteristics of a typical launch.  Such a boat would have been useful on a gunboat operating on shallow river waters, for carrying out heavy hawsers and anchors.  

The launch pictured by Chapelle, is not typical and looks more like a cutter.  A cutter was a boat designed to be seaworthy enough to be used for boarding vessels at sea. Freeboard was increased by adding a wash strake above the normal hull planking, and lines were usually finer. They would have been useful aboard a gunboat for landing shore expeditions.  

Keep in in mind that these are "big" boats.  A 26ft launch or even a cutter was a heavy displacement boat that would have required a large crew to row against swift river currents.  Perhaps, a launch, two cutters, and a smaller handier boat might have been more practical.  

Roger

The basis for a worthwhile ship model is an accurate set of hull lines.  Unless built to historically documented hull lines, you are really building a freelance model despite the accuracy of the paint scheme, rigging, etc.. See Howard Chapelle's "Ship Models That Should Not Be Built," or L. Francis Herreschoff's writings on model building.  The Lake Erie Brigs were a particular problem for Chapelle who in the early 1930's designed the predessor to the current Niagara replica.  Chapelle has written that he always had an uneasy feeling that the lines of the replica did not reflect the original vessel.  In particular he thought that was the bow lines might be too sharp.  The current vessel was a new design by Melbourne Smith.  Each of the three Niagara replicas 1913, 1933, and 1988 were built to a different set of principal dimensions.

Chapelle also described model builders as "stubborn cusses" who Insist on building models without sufficient documentation.  The Lake Erie battles were exciting events in our nation's history and from a naval architectural standpoint, the problem of designing these shallow draft gun vessels was an interesting one so the lure of building one of these brigs despite the existence of historical documentation is compelling.

Fortunately, an example of a shallow draft gun brig built by the same builders as the original Niagara exists and has been explored - the brig Eagle built to defend Lake Champlain.  Builders wishing to build an example of a shallow draft American gun brig designed for lake service during the war of 1812 would be better off choosing the Eagle than Niagara or Lawrence.

Roger

In the Crabtree collection at the Mariners Museum at Newport News, there is a model of a cave man polling or paddling a log raft.  The guy is wearing an animal hide garment that according to the museum is a tanned mouse skin.

Roger

Are you sure that the capstan was steam driven?  With large navy crews could the capstan have been manned by hand.  We're steam driven Capstans used on the rivers in the 1860's?

The Smaller caliber Dhalgren boat howitzers were designed to arm boats (especially launches) in support of amphibious operations, a requirement stemming from the earlier Mexican War where the navy was required to land troops and lacked an effective light weight artillery piece.  The idea was to mount the gun in the bow to be able to fire it while approaching the shore and to then quickly dismount it and to remount it on the field carriage that had been carried separately in the boat's stern sheets.  The field carriage was to be wheeled ashore over a ramp formed by extending timbers from the boat's bow.  The "sledge" that you refer to is the mounting for use in arming the boat. Most photos show these boat howitzers on iron field carriages when aboard ship.  My Dixie Gun Works materials which are copies of the original drawings apply to the light 12 pound howitzer and depict a "hybred" field carriage- iron and bronze except the two main wheels which are wooden.  The small tail wheel is iron.

The best reference that I can recommend that covers Civil War naval artillery is "Arming the Fleet" by Spencer Tucker.  You can also download a copy of a Civil War US Navy Ordinance Manual    on line from google books.

Roger

Dixie Gun Works, in Union City, Tennessee sells monographs of US Civil War artillery.  They have one on the Dhalgren light 12 pounder boat howitzer and its field carriage.  You could literally build one from this monograph.  Look them up on the web.

Roger

Two other great books on the subject are American Battleships 1886-1923 by John Reilly and Robert Scheina and US Armored Cruisers by Ivan Musicant.

Roger

Les,

This is a nicely made piece of equipment.  Mine works fine. The locking mechanism is intended to fit the 1/2 in wide miter slot of US made table saws and bandsaws.

Roger

I did a little more internet research on glues.  Apparently the family of glues known as Urea Formaldehydes are preferred for laminated structures such as plywood.  These were used way back in WWII to build the famous RAF Mosquito bombers. These were built with balsa cores and birch veneer laminated inside and outside to produce a very stiff structure.  The same principal as a foam or balsa cored fiberglass boat.  These glues which are readily available and cheap will stand up to the high clamping forces required.

Roger

Back in the good old days, plywood was made with "resorcinol glues."  These were synthetic plastic resin glues.  The glues came in two parts, a resin and a powder that were mixed together.  My father and I used a lot of the stuff in 1960 in the construction  of a sailboat.  It was easy to use, worked every time ind did not involve water.  

According to the internet resorcinol glues are still available.  DAP apparently makes one but it is sold as a powder to be mixed with water.  Titebond III is apparently another and is sold premixed (with water?). The two part resorcinol glues like I used appear to be available but I didn't see any small quantities. In the boatbuilding world resorcinol glues have supposedly been superseded by epoxies.  I have personally had excellent experience using WEST SYSTEM epoxies and these would work well for your purpose.  In recent years these have been produced in small disposable units so you might research this option.

Roger

I have a Rockler thin rip jig that I use with my 10in table saw.  It works great as by using it you don't have to pinch the wood between the fence and the saw.  There is also a U tube video of a guy using one of these to rip paper thin strips with a bandsaw.

Roger

Japan dryer is a chemical additive used to accelerate the drying of paint.  I have no idea how it works but its been around for a long time.  It is a key ingredient in the linseed oil based filler that canoe restorers mix up to fill the weave in the canvas covering of wood canvas canoes. An ounce mixed into a gallon of the linseed oil mix causes the fill to dry to a hard sandable surface.  It is readily available in pints at paint and home improvement stores.

 I don't know how it would react with Frankie's pine tar, but a drop or two added to the tar turpentine mix might improve its drying characteristics.

Roger

Your skill with that angle grinder is impressive!

Roger