Bertrand by Cathead - FINISHED - 1:87 - wooden Missouri River sternwheeler

[mattsayers148]

Excellent build Cathead. I finally got caught up on your log and it's very impressive!

 

My experience with steamboats has been riding on them with my grandma years back. There's nothing like riding one up the Columbia River, which is home to many prehistoric looking sturgeons.

 

So my input will be little beyond the admiration of a beautiful boat and a cheering squad on the side lines. One thought I had, budget and time permitting, is to make a second, framed only. Now that you've mastered that part, it could be displayed to give viewers a completely unrestricted look at the impressive internal structure(time and budget permitting).

 

I spent my two cents so I'll sit back, shut up and admire your progress.

[Cathead]

Hah, Matt, my first reaction was GOOD GOD NO! But you may well be right; I did quite enjoy framing this one up, and it would make an excellent boatyard diorama. The problem is, there are just so many interesting projects and so little time. I already have my next build purchased, making use of the M-E 50% sale, after that I may want to scratchbuild a sidewheeler for once, then there are all the real ships to consider. So many options!

 

Thanks for reading. I find it hard to take praise from all of you whose skills are so much beyond my own (you will likely laugh to see my machinery compared to your work), but appreciate the good will nonetheless. In the meantime, I may well be able to post pictures of a finished paddlewheel before I vanish for a few weeks.

[mattsayers148]

Hey Cathead, didn't you say you cut all the timber for your barn? A little finesse with a fruit tree might be all you need to make a second hull.

 

It could be the stuck inside crapulous weather need a break from writing minds well sip on a nice glass of Yukon Jack split some limbs and let em dry above the fire kinda day.

Edited August 30, 2015 by matt.s.s.

[Cathead]

A little finesse with a fruit tree might be all you need

 

Even I'm not that good with a chain saw!

[Cathead]

The paddle wheel is done! Here's how I approached it:

 

 

While the Bertrand's wheels didn't survive to be recovered, one of the wheel hubs did, so we know the wheel had thirteen spokes. Using the estimated wheel diameter of 18', I laid out a template on my computer of 13 evenly divided spokes with a scale diameter of 18', and printed out five of them. These would form the basis of my wheel.

 

Meanwhile, I chose a dowel of the correct thickness for an axle. Then, for the hubs, I glued two pieces of styrene together, traced a series of circles of the right diameter (based on the recovered hub), and drilled axle holes through them. Then I cut out the rough circles with a hobby knife, smoothed them round with file and sandpaper, and painted them a dull metal black.

 

 

Apologies for the quality of this photo, but it shows the assembled wheels. I mounted each paper pattern with a pin at center, then laid thin strips of double-sided tape along  each spoke. This let me set the spokes in exactly the right orientation, before attaching them with carefully cut and fitted frame pieces. A careful look will also notice the inner ends of the spokes sanded to a slight angle to make them all fit together at the hub. On the real thing, the hub would have had sockets to hold each spoke, but I didn't think I could simulate that acceptably at this scale, so didn't. Better no detail than bad detail, in my opinion. As you'll see, it's almost impossible to tell once the wheel is finished. Removing the wheels from the double-sided tape was tricky, and I broke one by being too aggressive. It was fixed.

 

After sanding and shaping with a file, I painted these with diluted red paint. A bit too diluted, as I overdid it on several wheels and the diluted paint dissolved the wood glue holding these together and the wheels began to fall apart. With some very careful reassembly, a coat of glue along all surfaces, and some appropriate riverboat language, I salvaged the wheels no worse for the wear. Then I attached each hub, lightly weathered everything with brown pastel, and was ready to move on.

 

 

Now the real fun began. I carved the pillow blocks which support the axle, painted these and the axle, and began assembly. I'd wanted the wheel to turn, so had no intention of gluing the wheels onto the axle. I strung all five wheels loosely along the axle, glued on the pillow blocks, and glued the whole assembly to the support arms on the hull. Above you see me test-fitting the first paddle planks. I marked a few of these with the exact locations of each wheel, and clamped them on to hold the whole structure stable. Then I started gluing on other planks, all of which had been pre-painted at the same time as the wheels. 

 

 

Here's the hedgehog effect of the wheel covered in clamps. I glued every other plank to give the clamps room, then went back and filled in the gaps when the first round was done. Then I did the second, outer layer of planks. This went quickly and easily.

 

 

And here's the final result. The five wheels are near perfect copies of each other, such that the planks lined up perfectly. Another reason I left the wheels to turn freely on the hub, was to ensure I could get the best possible alignment between them. There were a couple spokes not quite right, a legacy of the dissolved glue and repair, but I can easily turn the wheel to hide them down by the rudder. It's really quite fun to sit there and turn the wheel gently. I may want to add some more detail, such as the bolts and straps that hold the paddles to the wheels, and some detail to the outer hubs, but not right now.

 

Someday it would be fun to build working machinery for such a paddle wheel, but this wasn't the project. The driving arms will attached permanently to the axle, and will not be in motion; only the wheel itself moves, unattached to the axle. It's good enough for me. 

 

I think it looks pretty neat with the wheel on, a real step forward toward looking like a steamboat. Now I'm off on vacation, two weeks hiking in Yellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming. As we're both former geologists, and Mrs Cathead worked at the park for three seasons many years ago, we're quite excited to return. On the way, we're stopping at the Bertrand museum at DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge just north of Omaha, Nebraska, a place I've been many years ago but am now very excited to return to. The museum is at the location of Bertrand's sinking, and is full of recovered cargo from the boat and various other exhibits. I'm also hoping to collect some driftwood and sand from the Missouri River at that location for use in a future display base. 

 

So this build will be on hold for a bit, but for a good cause. 

[CaptainSteve]

Nice work on your paddle-wheel, CH. Here's hoping you and Mrs Cathead have an enjoyable trip. Don't forget to bring back photos from the Bertrand museum ... I'm sure we're all waiting to see them.

[Jim Lad]

That wheel really looks first class, Cathead.  I hope you're taking some photos of your model to show to the people at the museum.

 

John

[Omega1234]

Really, really nice job on the wheels, Cathead.  They wouldn't have been easy, but they turned out brilliantly.

[Canute]

Great job on your stern-wheeler. The paddle setup looks great. Enjoy your vacation in Yellowstone.

[gjdale]

Great looking paddle wheels Cathead. Hope you have an enjoyable holiday.

[AnobiumPunctatum]

Your wheel looks really good

[mtaylor]

As everyone else said, that's a great looking paddle wheel.  Have fun on the trip.. take lots of pictures and by all means show the museum people pictures of your build. 

[Cathead]

Well, I've returned from the wild and will eventually get back to modelling. First, though, some relevant photos from the Bertrand museum and elsewhere.

 

A few introductory notes on the museum. As the Bertrand was discovered, and excavated, within DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge, it became the property of the US Fish & Wildlife Service. Thus they built the museum as an add-on to a visitor's center otherwise dedicated to the refuge. It's a nice museum, but not one staffed by "steamboat people", per se. It's just a wing of the larger center. We had very little time there, even less than I had intended, because of the very long drive that day (we had to make it from central Missouri to western Nebraska before dark).

 

 

A cute, if primitive, Bertrand model in the lobby. 

 

 

One of the museum's centerpieces, a large-scale model of Bertrand; me for scale. This is a beautiful model, with complete interior, but in several places it departs rather severely from the archaeological drawings of the boat. The most blatant difference is the relationship between the main deck and the boiler deck just above. In the drawings, and the accompanying documentation, it's concluded that Bertrand's boiler deck extended as far as the width of the main deck and was supported by vertical stanchions between the two, on the very outer edge of the decks. On the model, the stanchions are set well inboard, with a set of curved supports ducked in under the boiler deck. I don't know why the discrepancy exists, since the model was almost certainly made after the excavation (no information was provided).

 

 

A painting of the Bertrand, by the same artist/illustrator who drew the graphic reconstructions included in the archaeology reports I'm working from. Note that he portrays the stanchions correctly, as vertical supports at the very outer edge of both decks. EDIT: I forgot to note that the cute, primitive model shown above DOES get the stanchions right.

 

 

A nice touch; one wall of the gallery is a full-size outline of Bertrand's aft third (roughly), with an actual paddlewheel hub mounted within. Me for scale. 

 

 

The gallery includes a huge collection of artifacts salvaged from the wreck, which are a day's worth of contemplation for a history buff. Unfortunately, as you can see by the photos above, the lighting is kept very low for preservation reasons, making photography a real, well, hassle. This shot gives some sense of the gallery's scale. In the foreground are various munitions from the wreck, which I thought might be of interest to some of you. For example, several racks of howitzer shells and a stand of .50 caliber Maynard cartridges. One assumes these were part of consignments for various Army posts on the frontier.

 

 

The stretch of river on which the Bertrand sank is no longer part of the mainstem Missouri River, which changed its course quite regularly before being channelized and controlled by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The location is now part of a large oxbow lake, a former bend in the river now cut off by a straighter channel and left as a horseshoe-shaped lake. The site of Bertrand's sinking is on the opposite shore, about as far as you can see.

 

 

And here is the actual site, the pit left over from excavation now filled with water and overgrown with shrubbery. Bertrand is still down there; once the teams had recovered the cargo and documented the hull, they left her be. It's perhaps 100 yards in from the old channel, in what used to be a field, where it was left by an early shift in river channel. The active river now is maybe 1/2 mile away.

 

Finally, a few other images from the trip, most of which was spent hiking in Yellowstone and Grand Tetons National Parks. I could bore you all with lots of imagery of backcountry thermal features, wildlife, and geological eye candy, but will restrain myself to these two, whose relevance should be apparent:

 

 

This is Steamboat Point, in the Bighorn Mountains of north-central Wyoming. It's a nice basic climb of 800' vertical feet or so, giving a clear 360 view of the east slop of the Bighorns. 

 

 

And this is Steamboat Geyser. It erupts unpredictable and rarely, the last eruption being just over a year ago. Here it's just steaming in the cool, crisp,  morning air, but even so it reminds one of a boiler hissing away gently, awaiting the engineer's touch to build pressure once more.

 

Next up for my version of the Bertrand are the engines, for which more research and planning is needed. I also need to get everything else in life back under control after two weeks away. But I hope you all enjoy the images above.

Edited September 18, 2015 by Cathead

[Omega1234]

Hi Cathead

 

Great photos, especially of the large scaled Bertrand with a 'certain someone' in the foreground. It looks like you had a great trip.

 

The photo of the wreck site was interesting and kinda sobering to think that wreck still lies beneath the waves.

 

Thanks for sharing the photos!

 

Cheers and all the best!

 

Patrick

[mtaylor]

Hi Cathead,

 

Welcome back.  Having lived around St. Louis, I can appreciate the problems with river channels.  Was channel moved naturally much like the Mississippi being moved by an earthquake?   The amount of moment just seems un-natural to me.

[Cathead]

Completely natural. As a former geologist, I can assure you that channel movement is a basic function of rivers. A lot of factors go into how much and how fast a channel moves, including the bedrock or soil underlying the river, the discharge and its year-round variability, bank vegetation, etc. The Missouri was legendary for being an especially shifty river, though. Don't have time to go fully into it right now, but there are some great stories and imagery to prove it. Modern people get a false sense of security living along rivers that have been dammed and channelized into, basically, controlled flumes, but that's not a natural condition.

[cog]

 

Modern people get a false sense of security living along rivers that have been dammed and channelized

The same goes here in Holland with the dikes alongside rivers agains fall and spring floods ... they think they can build in the floodplaines ... one wonders why such a name has been choosen ... Controling a river's boundaries is hardly possible to stop I imagine, it's a bit like holding back the tide ...

[mattsayers148]

Awesome pics Cathead! Looks like you had a great trip in some really beautiful places.

 

I seem to remember some farmers who had found another boat in a similar situation, a shifted river covered by sediment. Do you know how many ships/boats they've unearthed in the U.S.?

 

On one of my trips on a steamboat up the Columbia River, it was very obvious how people have gone to great lengths to "tame" rivers. The Columbia used to boast white water up and down which made it quite a challenge for riverboats to navigate. Now, after the many dams were built, it's quite a calm River, until it collides with the Pacific and makes it an extremely dangerous crossing. Looking forward to seeing your engine construction.

[Cathead]

Matt, I suspect you're thinking of the steamboat Arabia, discovered and excavated by a private group near Kansas City. They built a really neat museum right in downtown KC, a must-visit for any steamboat aficionado.

 

I don't think very many steamboats have been recovered, at least in the Mississippi drainage. I don't know as much about the east or west coasts, but rivers there tend to be rockier and so wrecks are even less likely to be preserved. The Missouri and lower Mississippi rivers are best suited for preserving wrecks, as they're sediment-dominated and so could easily and quickly cover a wreck with sand/mud and preserve it. Anything that wrecked on, say, the upper Ohio or Mississippi or even the Columbia would be less likely to stay in one piece long enough to be buried.

 

A ton of steamboats sank on the Missouri, it was a difficult and dangerous river to navigate. I've seen estimates, based on historic records, that there's a wreck location every few miles along much of the river. The average boat lasted only a couple years before sinking, burning, or blowing up. That said, there are good reasons very few have been recovered. One, lots of wrecks didn't stay intact; they burned, blew up, or were torn apart by the current. Two, those that remained intact were often salvaged quickly, leaving little behind. Three, those that sank intact but weren't salvaged were quickly buried by the river's ever-changing course, such that within days to weeks the boat was buried beneath a sandbar, island, or other landform, where it was quickly lost. The only way to find them now is with a metal detector, and that requires being very close to the wreck, which requires figuring out nearly precisely where it is, a very difficult procedure when you're standing in the middle of thousands of acres of soybeans or corn trying to find a river channel from the 1800s. This is all the more true because one of the top salvage priorities was the iron (engines, boilers, etc) so there are likely plenty of hulls left down there with not enough metal to trigger a detector.

 

The Missouri's current channel bears only a tenuous relationship to its various courses in the 1800s; same for the Mississippi. So it really is like looking for a needle in a haystack.

[W3565]

Cathead, I'm new to this site however I noticed your posts on building the Bertrand steamboat. Years ago I picked up a book , "The Steamboat Bertrand, History, Excavation, and Architecture" published in 1974 by the National Parks Service. If you don't have it It's yours if you want it ... No charge. Not sure how to get a hold of you off site.

 

Mike

[Cathead]

By Jerome Petsche. It's the main reference for this build, being the official record of the archaeological excavation. My copy holds a permanent spot on my workbench, and has its spine thoroughly broken from scanning the various drawings. I appreciate the thought, though.

[Cathead]

Well, she doesn't look much different at first, but some detailed work has been done.

 

 

After a fair amount of consulting and cogitation, I settled on a design for the engines. As we have no idea what Bertrand's machinery actually looked like, I went for a representative approach; something that would capture the spirit of typical steamboat engines for the period. Something like this:

 

 

 

Experts will recognize some missing details; some will be added as I progress, some I didn't think I could replicate well enough to include. For example, I haven't yet added any of the overhead piping that brings steam to the cylinders from the boilers (forward), or the chimneys for cylinder exhaust, both of which will be easier to do later as I progress on the superstructure. But the overall effect is good enough for me.

 

Also completed are the tiller arms, and one side of the bulkheads that separate them from the engineer's main work area. The starboard side won't be built to keep the view lines open from that direction. Note the scratchbuilt workbench forward of the bulkhead. That was a fun little side project.

 

 

Photos from the museum model were useful in getting drivers reasonably right. I also built the aft bulkhead, painted red as on most steamboats of this era. The wheel really turns, though the drivers don't (I wasn't up for making working pistons). Later I'll be adding the various bracing that supports the weight of the wheel, but not yet.

 

Next up, framing up the rest of the main deck superstructure and walling it in. Then the various angled hog chain braces and their iron rods, then finishing the decking, then building the boiler and remaining machinery and running the necessary steam lines. 

 

No idea when the next update will be. Baseball playoffs will be a major time sink for the next month until the Royals' season is over.

 

EDIT: upon re-reading, I fixed an embarrassing error. I referred to the main and boiler decks as the same thing, which they're not. The boiler deck is one level above the main, despite the boilers themselves being on the main. I knew this, but it's easy to confuse if you're not paying attention. I've never seen a convincing explanation of why the boiler deck is called that, but it has always been so on steamboats to the extent of my knowledge.

Edited October 4, 2015 by Cathead

[kurtvd19]

NICE work.  It is looking great.

Kurt

[Omega1234]

Hi Cathead

 

Beautiful and very nicely detailed work. I'm looking forward to your next update, although, I understand that it may be some way away.

 

All the best!

 

Patrick

Edited October 5, 2015 by Omega1234

[captainbob]

From one who has watched and studied riverboats for years, you are doing an amazing job. 

 

Bob

[Cathead]

Well, my beloved Royals have won the baseball World Series, and I'm back to work on the Bertrand. 

 

 

The main deck structures are complete, and I've mostly finished framing up the boiler deck. This was surprisingly difficult, as there's no flat frame of reference (the main deck curves in every direction). Getting the support posts vertical in both directions was quite interesting. I've been very bad about taking "process" photos during this stage, so you'll just have to imagine things. The only consistently flat frame of reference is, oddly enough, the bottom of the hull. So I made a complicated jig of solid wood strips clamped to the hull, from which I could extend vertical squares, onto which I clamped cross-ways strips, to which I could clamp the vertical posts. Fiddly, but effective. I also made strong use of the eyeball; I'd rather a line of posts LOOK straight relative to each other, even if they're slightly out of line relative to true vertical.

 

Once the posts were in place, I began adding cross-pieces. Technically the boiler deck should have a slight bit of camber to it, but I decided that would be too difficult and would be barely visible at this scale, as most of the deck will be covered by the cabins. The more significant camber of the main deck shows up nicely, and is sufficient for my taste. Thus the deck is flat athwartships, but curves gently fore and aft to follow the rise of the main deck in both directions. 

 

 

I finished planking the main deck as far I as intend to; this extent will allow the model to look complete from a port 45-degree angle fore or aft, but still leaves plenty of internal view from the starboard side. It's a little rough in places, but will have to do. I'll put a crate or something over a few plank ends that stick up more than I'd like.

 

 

View from the open starboard side. I've also finished installing the hog chain braces; these angled posts support metal rods running fore-and-aft, with turnbuckles on them, which keep the long, narrow hull from sagging/hogging. I won't install the actual rods until near the end of the project, as they'll be in the way, but needed to do the braces now as they extend through multiple decks. They're intentionally a bit longer than necessary, so I can cut them off just as I like them once I finish the superstructure. 

 

Currently I'm building the boiler assembly, which sits just forward of the cargo shed on the main deck. I intentionally haven't installed the vertical support posts at the front of the boiler deck, to allow me to slide the boiler in there. Once it's in place, I'll finish that area and install the staircases (already built) just in front of the boilers.

 

I think things will go rapidly for a little while, now. Install the boilers, connect them to the engines with steam lines, plank in the entire boiler deck, and then move on to building the cabin area. I still have to decide whether to order a bunch of styrene windows and doors, or try to make my own out of strip wood. The former would be far faster and more consistently detailed, but more expensive and hard to make look just like the surrounding wood. The latter would take a long time, but be a lot cheaper and fit in better if I can make them realistically enough. I'll decide once the next deck is done.

 

I'm holding out hope of reaching my goal to complete this model by the end of the year. Luckily the approach of winter means nice long evenings for quiet model work. She's certainly starting to look something like a steamboat. In the meantime, here's a fine Ozark fiddler playing "Jefferson City", one of Bertrand's ports of call on her way upriver.

 

 

 

[Jim Lad]

Just catching up with what you're doing - she really looks the part.

 

John

[gjdale]

Great progress Cathead, she's looking great. I'd go with making your own windows and doors. It might take longer, but will be more satisfying in the end and hey, it's not a race after all. Just my AUD $0.002 (at an appalling exchange rate!)

[mattsayers148]

Excellent job Cathead! You've done a lot of great custom work, I'd vote to continue that with the windows and doors.

[Cathead]

 

Well, she doesn't look hugely different than the last update, but some important progress has been made.The boilers are built and installed, as is the main staircase. I'm currently planking the boiler deck (the level above the boilers),and thinking/working ahead on the cabin area.

 

 

Some detail of the boilers & stairs, both scratchbuilt. No one knows exactly what Bertrand's boilers looked like (or anything above the main deck), but this two-boiler layout is what's presented in Petsche's reconstruction, and approved by multiple steamboat historians he consulted with, so it's good enough for me.

 

Wood is fed into the fireboxes at lower front, where a brick ash trough allows ash to be cleaned out and flushed away without setting the deck on fire. Note that the trough ends in a hole in the overhanging guards, where the ash can safely drop into the river. The brick is a strip of HO-scale brick paper normally used for modelling buildings. The fireboxes heat water in the two large boilers, which generate steam into the steam drum on top, which feeds through a single line back to the engines at the stern. The water for the boilers is drawn from the river using a "doctor" pump, seen just behind the boiler.

 

Boilers and such are made from styrene, painted black and weathered with pastels. I made a miscalculation somewhere and didn't leave enough room between the cargo area and the boiler, so the poor doctor pump is sandwiched in there without enough room. I made it pretty detailed for this scale, but it'll never really be seen. Oops.

 

 

Another view of boilers and stairs. I made the stairs by clamping two beams together, carefully measuring out each step's location, then cutting/filing the notches across both beams so they'd match. Then I mounted the beams on double-sided tape to hold them square, and glued on the steps. Worked like a charm. The boiler deck's edge looks rough, because I'm not going to bother finishing it until the whole deck is done and I can trim/sand it all together. Will need to do a bit of touch-up paintwork as well. This is actually true of the main deck as well, now that I look at the photo.

 

 

If you haven't been following ggrieco's steamboat Heroine, WHY NOT? It's brilliant and beautiful, far above anything I can manage. After enjoying his intricate recreation of a steamboat engine, I thought I'd re-post a better photo of my own engines, just to make the contrast clear. These styrene approximations work well enough for me, they get the idea across, but the Heroine is something special.

 

This photo also shows a mistake I made, which will be slightly tricky to fix. You can see how each engine is connected to the overhead steam line feeding from the boiler. Each one also has a separate exhaust stack that vents steam from each cycle. When I built the engines, I left these stacks cut off short, to make the assembly easier to install, reasoning I would install the vent stack later, before I planked in the boiler deck. It was, literally, not until I was reviewing this photo for posting that I realized I'd forgotten to go back and add the stacks before beginning deck planking, so the port-side engine is now buried. I'll have to very carefully measure/guess where that stack projects to and drill a small hole through the deck. The starboard one will  just get installed the way I meant to, before the decking gets that far.

 

 

And a final overhead photo. You can follow the steam line under the boiler deck to see where I'll have to drill a vent stack hole. The decking has progressed since I took this photo, I'm now about halfway across.

 

I've also been working ahead on the cabin structure. I bent to peer pressure and began making my own doors & such, which I hope you'll like. Photos of those will come when I'm further along. The cabin presents its own challenges of construction, as the boiler deck has a sheer fore and aft which mean I can't just build the cabin square on the workbench and plop it down; it has to conform to the deck. I have an idea how to do this without going crazy, and will share the results when it succeeds (or fails). Meanwhile I've been staining more deck beams to stay ahead of the slow-but-steady progress on that front.

 

For today's music, I present Marmaduke's Hornpipe, the "fiddle anthem of Missouri", named for Confederate officer John Marmaduke, who grew up along the Missouri River not far from my farm.